Baris Kubilay, Hendek Meltem, Olgun Hatice Ebru
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 29;25(1):1274. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06593-z.
Excessive temperature rise during drilling can lead to thermal bone damage and compromise implant success. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly introduced "dry cooling" method to control heat generation during dental implant osteotomy using different hand pressure.
Standardized osteotomies (Ø4.1 mm, 10 mm depth) were performed on bovine rib bone blocks using two cooling methods-dry cooling (DC) and saline cooling (SC)-and two hand pressure levels: low pressure (LP) and high pressure (HP), resulting in four experimental groups (DC-LP = Group A, DC-HP = Group B, SC-LP = Group C, SC-HP = Group D; n = 30 per group). The DC setup employed a closed-loop thermoelectric system based on a Peltier module. Real-time temperature changes were recorded using thermocouples. Bone particles were weighed, and drilling time was measured. In statistical analysis, whether the data conformed to normal distribution was evaluated with the kurtosis-skewness test. The relationship between cooling method and hand pressure and temperature was evaluated with the ANOVA test. Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. T-test was used for comparison between independent groups and the relationships between variables were analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. The statistical significance level in the study was determined as p < 0.05.
Significant differences in temperature increase were observed between the groups (p < 0.001). Group A had the lowest temperature increase (2.00 ± 0.84 °C) and the lowest final temperature (23.41 ± 1.23 °C), while Group D had the highest temperature increase (5.45 ± 0.90 °C) and the highest final temperature (26.38 ± 1.03 °C). Bone particle yield differed significantly depending on the cooling method used (p < 0.001).
To prevent a temperature rise during dental implant osteotomy, DC may provide better temperature stabilization in specimens with high cortical content than external cooling with saline. Further studies are needed to optimize the effects of the DC method.
钻孔过程中温度过度升高会导致骨热损伤并影响种植体成功率。本体外研究旨在评估新引入的“干式冷却”方法在使用不同手压力进行牙种植体截骨术时控制产热的有效性。
使用两种冷却方法——干式冷却（DC）和生理盐水冷却（SC）以及两种手压力水平：低压（LP）和高压（HP），在牛肋骨骨块上进行标准化截骨术（直径4.1毫米，深度10毫米），从而形成四个实验组（DC-LP = A组，DC-HP = B组，SC-LP = C组，SC-HP = D组；每组n = 30）。DC装置采用基于珀耳帖模块的闭环热电系统。使用热电偶记录实时温度变化。对骨颗粒进行称重，并测量钻孔时间。在统计分析中，使用峰度-偏度检验评估数据是否符合正态分布。使用方差分析检验评估冷却方法和手压力与温度之间的关系。使用Tukey检验进行多重比较。使用t检验进行独立组之间的比较，并使用Pearson相关检验分析变量之间的关系。本研究中的统计学显著性水平确定为p < 0.05。
各实验组之间观察到温度升高存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。A组温度升高最低（2.00±0.84°C）且最终温度最低（23.41±1.23°C），而D组温度升高最高（5.45±0.90°C）且最终温度最高（26.38±1.03°C）。骨颗粒产量因所使用的冷却方法不同而有显著差异（p < 0.001）。
为防止牙种植体截骨术期间温度升高，与用生理盐水进行外部冷却相比，干式冷却可能在皮质含量高的标本中提供更好的温度稳定性。需要进一步研究以优化干式冷却方法的效果。
