Mohammed Othman Abdulrahman, Abubakr Karzan Taha, Yaghoobi Abbas, Khdhir Hokar Haji, Ali Derin Hussein, Abdalrahman Paiwand Karim, Ali Bilal Mohammed, Hamarashid Sahar Hussein
Medical Laboratory Science Department, Halabja Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq.
Biology Department, Shar Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Iraq.
BMC Res Notes. 2025 Jul 28;18(1):329. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07361-6.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common microbial infections in humans globally, a leading cause for medical consultation, and the main contributor to antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to determine the microbial prevalence of UTIs and assess the antibacterial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic microbial pathogens over a five-year period.
This retrospective research was done from June 2018 to 2022. The following E. coli, Klebsiella spp., fungi, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. microbes were identified from 3,330 midstream urine samples. The microbes were identified following standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and the VITEK 2 Compact system. Chi-square and other statistical tests were used to evaluate gender-based differences in antibiotic susceptibility.
The prevalence of UTI among patients attending Shar Hospital was 927 (27.9%). The most prevalent bacteria were E. coli (56.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (10.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.2%), Staphylococcus spp. (6.3%), Acinetobacter spp. (3.9%), Enterococcus spp. (3.3%), and fungi (10.7%). Some of the microbes exhibited high resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, whereas they showed high efficacy against meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin. Furthermore, certain antibiotics including amoxiclav and ceftazidime showed gender-specific differences, presenting statistically significant differences in susceptibility between genders.
The current data highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in UTIs. Routine antimicrobial responsible management programs need to be performed to optimize antibiotic use, standardized surveillance protocols, and evidence-based recommendations for suitable antibiotic selection. These measures can assist enhancing efficacy and decreasing the development of resistance.
尿路感染（UTIs）是全球人类最常见的微生物感染之一，是就医的主要原因，也是抗生素消耗的主要因素。本研究旨在确定尿路感染的微生物流行情况，并评估五年期间尿路致病性微生物病原体的抗菌药敏模式。
本回顾性研究于2018年6月至2022年进行。从3330份中段尿样本中鉴定出以下微生物：大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属、真菌、铜绿假单胞菌、葡萄球菌属、不动杆菌属和肠球菌属。按照标准微生物技术鉴定微生物。使用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法和 VITEK 2 Compact 系统进行抗菌药敏试验。采用卡方检验和其他统计检验来评估抗生素敏感性的性别差异。
在沙尔医院就诊的患者中，尿路感染的患病率为927例（27.9%）。最常见的细菌是大肠杆菌（56.7%），其次是克雷伯菌属（10.7%）、铜绿假单胞菌（8.2%）、葡萄球菌属（6.3%）、不动杆菌属（3.9%）、肠球菌属（3.3%）和真菌（10.7%）。一些微生物对常用抗生素如环丙沙星表现出高度耐药性，而它们对美罗培南、呋喃妥因和阿米卡星表现出高疗效。此外，包括阿莫西林克拉维酸和头孢他啶在内的某些抗生素显示出性别特异性差异，两性之间的敏感性存在统计学显著差异。
当前数据突出了尿路感染中抗菌药物耐药性的流行情况。需要执行常规的抗菌药物合理管理计划，以优化抗生素使用、标准化监测方案以及基于证据的合适抗生素选择建议。这些措施有助于提高疗效并减少耐药性的产生。
