Cortegano Carlos Andre Amaringo, Panaifo-García Luz Angélica, Llapapasca Nidia, Sandoval Nieves, Valera Adhemir, Espinoza Juan Rondón, Orihuela Gonzalo, Carhuallanqui Andrea, Ramos-Delgado Daphne D, Chu-Koo Fred W, Gonçalves Ligia Uribe
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 10;15(14):2027. doi: 10.3390/ani15142027.
This study evaluates the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, hematological health, and muscle composition of juvenile . We tested five isonitrogenous diets (451.7 g kg of crude protein) with increasing lipid levels (6%, 10%, 14%, 18%, and 22%). A total of 600 juvenile (80.0 ± 10.5 g; 21.8 ± 1.0 cm) were distributed into 20 tanks (500 L; = 4; 30 fish per tank) in an indoor open system. The fish were fed to apparent satiety four times daily for 60 days. As dietary lipid levels increased, all growth parameters and lipid content in both the whole body and muscle declined. The diet containing 6% lipids resulted in the maximum final weight, weight gain, feed intake, and the lowest feed conversion rate. However, a maximum lipid level of up to 10.26%, with a gross energy-to-protein ratio of 10.15 kcal g in the diet, as determined through polynomial regression analysis, can be used for juvenile without significantly affecting weight gain. Diets with high lipid content (18% and 22% lipids) resulted in the lowest survival rates, highest feed conversion rates, lowest condition factor, visible skeletal protrusions, scale depigmentation, and impaired blood biochemistry. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, n-3, and the n-3:n-6 ratio increased in the muscle lipid fraction (mg g of total lipids) in response to higher dietary lipid levels; however, this does not represent an overall improvement in the meat quality, since the total lipid content in the muscle (g of lipid per 100 g of muscle) was reduced due to impaired growth in fish fed high-lipid diets. Notably, the experimental diets also differed in fatty acid composition, which may have influenced some of the physiological and compositional responses observed. Diets with 6% lipids are recommended to provide optimal growth performance, and a maximum dietary lipid level of up to 10.26% is advised to ensure successful farming without impairing weight gain.
本研究评估了日粮脂质水平对幼鱼生长性能、血液健康和肌肉组成的影响。我们测试了五种等氮日粮（粗蛋白含量为451.7 g/kg），其脂质水平逐渐升高（6%、10%、14%、18%和22%）。总共600尾幼鱼（80.0±10.5 g；21.8±1.0 cm）被分配到室内开放式系统中的20个水箱（500 L；n = 4；每个水箱30尾鱼）中。每天投喂4次，直至明显饱足，持续60天。随着日粮脂质水平的升高，所有生长参数以及全身和肌肉中的脂质含量均下降。含6%脂质的日粮产生了最大的终末体重、体重增加、采食量以及最低的饲料转化率。然而，通过多项式回归分析确定，日粮中脂质的最大水平可达10.26%，总能与蛋白比为10.15 kcal/g，可用于幼鱼，且不会显著影响体重增加。高脂质含量（18%和22%脂质）的日粮导致最低的存活率、最高的饲料转化率、最低的肥满度、可见的骨骼突出、鳞片色素沉着减退以及血液生化指标受损。随着日粮脂质水平的升高，肌肉脂质部分（每克总脂质中的毫克数）中二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、n-3以及n-3:n-6比值增加；然而，这并不代表肉质的整体改善，因为高脂日粮喂养的鱼生长受损，肌肉中的总脂质含量（每100克肌肉中的脂质克数）降低。值得注意的是，实验日粮的脂肪酸组成也有所不同，这可能影响了所观察到的一些生理和组成反应。建议使用含6%脂质的日粮以提供最佳生长性能，建议日粮脂质的最大水平可达10.26%，以确保幼鱼养殖成功且不影响体重增加。
