Nahuelcura Francisca, Duarte Eduardo Álvarez
Mycology Unit, Microbiology and Mycology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jul 16;14(7):712. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14070712.
Oral candidiasis (OC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) are infections caused by species belonging to the genus . In Chile, epidemiological studies on OC/VVC are scarce, leading to an overestimation of the prevalence of . Additionally, awareness of the prevalence of species phenotypically and genotypically similar to is lacking. The clinical impact of non-albicans species in cases of OC/VVC is also often underestimated. This study aims to determine the distribution of species, their phenotypic and molecular characteristics, and their antifungal susceptibility patterns in incidents of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in Chile.
A descriptive analysis was conducted on 101 isolates of spp. obtained from OC/VVC cases. The identification of species was performed using both phenotypic and molecular techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using the Sensititre YeastOne system.
Among the analyzed isolates, 89.1% were identified as , while 10.9% were categorized as non-albicans species, including , , , , , and . The susceptibility pattern was predominantly susceptible, with only 10.9% of the total strains demonstrating resistance, and low antifungal activity in vitro was observed for Fluconazole, Voriconazole, and Posaconazole.
The most prevalent species causing OC/VVC in Chile is . This study also presents the first report of as a causal agent of VVC in the country. The identification of azole-resistant strains emphasizes the critical role of laboratory diagnosis in VVC cases, thereby preventing potential treatment failures. No resistance was observed in the strains associated with OC.
口腔念珠菌病（OC）和外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）是由念珠菌属物种引起的感染。在智利，关于OC/VVC的流行病学研究很少，导致对其患病率的高估。此外，对表型和基因型与白色念珠菌相似的物种的患病率缺乏认识。非白色念珠菌物种在OC/VVC病例中的临床影响也常常被低估。本研究旨在确定智利口腔和外阴阴道念珠菌病病例中念珠菌属物种的分布、其表型和分子特征以及它们的抗真菌药敏模式。
对从OC/VVC病例中获得的101株念珠菌属菌株进行描述性分析。使用表型和分子技术对念珠菌属物种进行鉴定。使用Sensititre YeastOne系统进行抗真菌药敏试验。
在分析的分离株中，89.1%被鉴定为白色念珠菌，而10.9%被归类为非白色念珠菌物种，包括热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、季也蒙念珠菌和葡萄牙念珠菌。药敏模式主要为敏感，仅10.9%的总菌株显示耐药，并且观察到氟康唑、伏立康唑和泊沙康唑的体外抗真菌活性较低。
在智利引起OC/VVC的最常见物种是白色念珠菌。本研究还首次报告了热带念珠菌作为该国VVC的病原体。唑类耐药菌株的鉴定强调了实验室诊断在VVC病例中的关键作用，从而防止潜在的治疗失败。在与OC相关的菌株中未观察到耐药性。
