Hein Zaw Myo, Gopalakrishna Prarthana Kalerammana, Kanuri Anil Kumar, Thomas Warren, Hussan Farida, Naik Venkatesh R, Shantakumari Nisha, Che Ramli Muhammad Danial, Mohd Moklas Mohamad Aris, Che Mohd Nassir Che Mohd Nasril, Vishnumukkala Thirupathirao
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. BOX 346, United Arab Emirates.
Physiology Discipline, Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
Life (Basel). 2025 Jul 9;15(7):1081. doi: 10.3390/life15071081.
() has attracted significant scientific interest due to its extensive medicinal properties and long-established use in traditional medicine. This review synthesizes recent advances in the technological exploitation of , covering the extraction of bioactive constituents to product development. Modern extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) have substantially improved the yield, selectivity, and preservation of key phytochemicals, particularly triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids. These compounds are now routinely characterized using advanced analytical platforms, ensuring product quality, consistency, and standardization. Moreover, the use of innovative formulation technologies and advanced delivery systems has facilitated the development of -based products tailored for various therapeutic areas, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals targeting neuroprotection, wound healing, skin aging, and stress modulation. Alongside these developments, stringent quality control protocols, toxicological evaluations, and adherence to evolving regulatory standards enhance the safety and efficacy of -derived interventions. This review highlights the integration of traditional knowledge with modern science across the domains of extraction, analysis, formulation, and regulation. It serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, formulators, and regulatory stakeholders aiming to develop high-quality, evidence-based products with improved bioavailability and therapeutic value.
由于其广泛的药用特性以及在传统医学中的长期应用，（）引起了科学界的极大兴趣。本综述综合了（）技术开发的最新进展，涵盖了从生物活性成分提取到产品开发的各个方面。超临界流体萃取（SFE）和微波辅助萃取（MAE）等现代萃取技术显著提高了关键植物化学物质（特别是三萜类、皂苷类和黄酮类）的产量、选择性和保存率。现在通常使用先进的分析平台对这些化合物进行表征，以确保产品质量、一致性和标准化。此外，创新的制剂技术和先进的给药系统的使用促进了针对各种治疗领域的基于（）的产品的开发，包括用于神经保护、伤口愈合、皮肤老化和应激调节的药物、营养保健品和药妆品。除了这些进展之外，严格的质量控制方案、毒理学评估以及对不断发展的监管标准的遵守提高了源自（）的干预措施的安全性和有效性。本综述强调了在提取、分析、制剂和监管领域将传统知识与现代科学相结合。它为旨在开发具有更高生物利用度和治疗价值的高质量、循证（）产品的研究人员、制剂师和监管利益相关者提供了全面的资源。
