Gosálvez Jaime, López-Fernández Carmen, Bartolomé-Nebreda Javier, García de la Vega Carlos
Unidad de Genética, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Halotech DNA S.L., Parque Científico de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 15;26(14):6789. doi: 10.3390/ijms26146789.
The incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in the ejaculate has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its negative impact on reproductive outcomes. SDF involves two primary types of damage to the canonical double helix of DNA: single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks. Both of these can occur throughout the entire process of gametogenesis. Determining the precise causes of elevated SDF remains challenging, as it is influenced by a wide range of physiological processes and environmental factors. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying SDF, with a particular emphasis on the critical role of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) across different stages of male gamete development, as well as their relevance in assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
近年来，由于精液中精子DNA碎片（SDF）对生殖结局有负面影响，其发生率受到越来越多的关注。SDF涉及对DNA经典双螺旋的两种主要损伤类型：单链断裂和双链断裂。这两种损伤在配子发生的整个过程中都可能发生。由于SDF升高受多种生理过程和环境因素影响，确定其确切原因仍具有挑战性。本综述全面探讨了SDF的潜在机制，特别强调了脱氧核糖核酸酶（DNases）在雄性配子发育不同阶段的关键作用，以及它们在辅助生殖技术（ART）中的相关性。
