Aortic Stenosis: Diagnosis, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies-A Comprehensive Review.

Aortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive valvular heart disease marked by a restriction of blood flow through the aortic valve, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality if not addressed. AS has historically been managed through surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but there is a growing trend towards the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). TAVR has transformed the management of symptomatic severe AS and is currently authorized for patients with varying levels of surgical risk. The rising application of TAVR in patients under 65 years presents a challenge for heart valve teams (HVTs) managing younger individuals whose life expectancy may surpass the durability of the valve. Patients over 65 years are typically treated with bioprosthetic tissue valves; however, there remains significant uncertainty regarding the selection between TAVR and SAVR.