Nie Guangshuai, Liu Weiyang, Zeng Fanjia, Hu Jia, Wang Zhen, Huang Zhonglian, Chen Hongjiang, Hu Jun, Xu Jiankun
Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Orthopaedic Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 14;13:1582189. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1582189. eCollection 2025.
Low back pain (LBP) is becoming prevalent in clinics, owing primarily to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The mechanism of IDD is complex, and its pathophysiology is primarily characterized by a decrease in intervertebral nucleus pulposus cells and an imbalance in the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Grounded in the concept of regenerative repair, IVD engineering has emerged as a significant research focus in spinal surgery. This review systematically examines the relationship between LBP and IDD, describes the physiological characteristics of healthy IVD and the pathological features of IDD (including inflammatory responses and stress stimulation), and provides an overview of current treatment methods and clinical trials. The review focuses on summarizing and evaluating tissue engineering research, particularly the preclinical and clinical findings on the effects of various seed cells, bio-scaffolds, and bioactive factors on IVD, to explore a more comprehensive therapeutic approach. Lastly, the obstacles and opportunities of tissue engineering repair of the IVD are highlighted.
下腰痛（LBP）在临床上正变得普遍，主要原因是椎间盘退变（IDD）。IDD的机制复杂，其病理生理学主要特征为椎间盘髓核细胞减少以及椎间盘（IVD）细胞外基质合成与降解失衡。基于再生修复概念，IVD工程已成为脊柱外科的一个重要研究焦点。本综述系统研究了LBP与IDD之间的关系，描述了健康IVD的生理特征以及IDD的病理特征（包括炎症反应和应力刺激），并概述了当前的治疗方法和临床试验。该综述重点总结和评估组织工程研究，特别是各种种子细胞、生物支架和生物活性因子对IVD作用的临床前和临床研究结果，以探索更全面的治疗方法。最后，强调了IVD组织工程修复的障碍与机遇。
