Raziq Muhammad Faheem, Manzoor Haseeb, Kayani Masood Ur Rehman
Metagenomics Discovery Lab, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Srinagar Highway, Sector H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Curr Microbiol. 2025 Jul 29;82(9):419. doi: 10.1007/s00284-025-04408-6.
Lung cancer remains the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for approximately 85% of lung cancer cases, is the most prevalent form. Treatment options for NSCLC include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapies. Among these, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have demonstrated significant potential, particularly in improving treatment outcomes. However, their clinical efficacy is impeded by challenges such as toxicity, resistance development, and variable patient responses. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the gut microbiome as an important modulator of immune responses in NSCLC, particularly in the context of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Specific gut microbes, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, have been associated with improved responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that modulation of the gut microbiome may enhance treatment outcomes. This review discusses the current understanding of the influence of gut microbiome on NSCLC and its potential to improve the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. By integrating microbiome-based insights into personalized treatment strategies, we can overcome the limitations of current immunotherapy approaches and optimize patient outcomes. This review aims to serve as a resource for the scientific community by providing insights into how modulation of gut microbiome may enhance treatment outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
肺癌仍然是全球第二大常见诊断癌症和癌症相关死亡的主要原因。非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）约占肺癌病例的85%，是最常见的类型。NSCLC的治疗选择包括手术、放射治疗、化疗、免疫治疗和靶向药物治疗。其中，靶向PD-1/PD-L1的免疫检查点抑制剂已显示出巨大潜力，尤其是在改善治疗效果方面。然而，它们的临床疗效受到毒性、耐药性发展和患者反应差异等挑战的阻碍。新出现的证据强调了肠道微生物群作为NSCLC免疫反应重要调节因子的关键作用，特别是在抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗的背景下。特定的肠道微生物，如嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌，与免疫治疗反应的改善有关，这表明调节肠道微生物群可能会提高治疗效果。这篇综述讨论了目前对肠道微生物群对NSCLC的影响及其改善抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗临床疗效的潜力的理解。通过将基于微生物群的见解整合到个性化治疗策略中，我们可以克服当前免疫治疗方法的局限性并优化患者预后。这篇综述旨在为科学界提供资源，深入探讨调节肠道微生物群如何提高接受抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗的NSCLC患者的治疗效果。
