Argyris T S
Am J Ind Med. 1985;8(4-5):329-37. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700080412.
Chemically induced epidermal carcinogenesis is usually divided into two stages: initiation, which involves the conversion of some epidermal cells into latent neoplastic cells; and promotion, which results in tumors. The hallmark of chemical promoters is epidermal hyperplasia. The hyperplasia caused by a strong promoter, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), differs morphologically from that caused by weak promoters, such as acetic acid and mezerin. The epidermal regeneration that follows abrasion results in a hyperplastic epidermis that resembles the effects of strong promoters. Repeated mechanical injuries are capable of enhancing papillomas and carcinomas in mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Thus, a regenerative epidermal hyperplasia appears to be a precondition for tumor promotion. It is highly probable that many epidermal cells are initiated during the lifetime of man. In the work place, repeated mechanical injury could predispose to epidermal neoplasms.
启动阶段，涉及将一些表皮细胞转化为潜伏性肿瘤细胞；以及促进阶段，导致肿瘤形成。化学促进剂的标志是表皮增生。由强促进剂如12-O-十四酰佛波醇-13-乙酸酯（TPA）引起的增生在形态上不同于由弱促进剂如乙酸和密执毒素引起的增生。擦伤后随之而来的表皮再生会导致增生性表皮，类似于强促进剂的作用。反复的机械损伤能够增强用7,12-二甲基苯并蒽（DMBA）启动的小鼠皮肤中的乳头状瘤和癌。因此，再生性表皮增生似乎是肿瘤促进的一个先决条件。很可能在人的一生中许多表皮细胞会被启动。在工作场所，反复的机械损伤可能易患表皮肿瘤。
