Srivastava Vaishali, Jha Pawan Kumar, Kumar Anil
Centre of Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
State-Level Water Analysis Laboratory, UP Jal Nigam (Rural), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Jul 29;197(8):965. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14398-4.
Groundwater pollution monitoring has become crucial for ascertaining the fulfilment of Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation). This study analyses the seasonal variation in the concentration of 14 heavy metals along with potential human health risks associated with groundwater in the coal mine area of Singrauli. The mean concentration of heavy metals in the Monsoon phase followed the order: Fe > Ba > Zn > B > Mn > Al > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Co > Ag, and during the post-monsoon, it was: Zn > Fe > Mn > Ba > Al > Pb > B > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > As > Ag > Co. The metal concentrations (except Zn, Cd and Pb) were found to be higher during the monsoon season than during the post-monsoon season. The results of the one-Way ANOVA indicated a significant seasonal variation in the concentrations of the B, Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Ag and Ba in the study area. Factor analysis revealed that both geogenic and anthropogenic sources contributed to the presence of heavy metals in groundwater. The mean value of the Heavy Metal Pollution Index for the monsoon (29) and post-monsoon season (10) was less than the critical value (> 100), indicating low-level pollution. The average value (2.58, 0.63) of the Nemerow Index (NI) has indicated moderate contamination in the monsoon and low-level contamination during the post-monsoon season. The study revealed the carcinogenic health risks (due to Cr, Cd and Pb) and non-carcinogenic risks across all the age groups, especially among children, followed by adults and infants in both the seasons.
地下水污染监测对于确定可持续发展目标3（良好健康与福祉）和目标6（清洁饮水与卫生设施）的实现情况至关重要。本研究分析了印度辛格拉uli煤矿区地下水中14种重金属浓度的季节性变化以及与之相关的潜在人体健康风险。季风期重金属的平均浓度顺序为：铁＞钡＞锌＞硼＞锰＞铝＞铬＞铜＞铅＞镍＞砷＞镉＞钴＞银，而在季风后期，顺序为：锌＞铁＞锰＞钡＞铝＞铅＞硼＞镍＞铬＞铜＞镉＞砷＞银＞钴。除锌、镉和铅外，其他金属浓度在季风季节高于季风后期。单因素方差分析结果表明，研究区域内硼、铝、铬、铁、钴、镍、铜、砷、银和钡的浓度存在显著季节性变化。因子分析表明，地质成因和人为来源均导致了地下水中重金属的存在。季风期（29）和季风后期（10）的重金属污染指数平均值均低于临界值（＞100），表明污染程度较低。内梅罗指数（NI）的平均值（2.58，0.63）表明，季风期污染程度为中度，季风后期为低度污染。该研究揭示了各年龄组，尤其是儿童，其次是成人和婴儿在两个季节中因铬、镉和铅导致的致癌健康风险以及非致癌风险。
