Mordak Arkadiusz, Drozdzol Krzysztof, Beben Damian, Jarzynski Pawel
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Opole University of Technology, 45-061 Opole, Poland.
Jawar Sp. z o.o., 06-400 Ciechanow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jul 20;18(14):3398. doi: 10.3390/ma18143398.
Currently, chimney technology is looking for new materials with improved thermal insulation properties and, at the same time, adequate durability. The use of concretes based on lightweight aggregates, such as expanded perlite, is capable of meeting such a challenge, provided that the composition of the concrete mixes is appropriately modified. The main research challenge when designing chimney system casing elements lies in ensuring adequate resistance to moisture penetration (maximum water absorption of 25%), while achieving the lowest possible bulk density (below 1000 kg/m), sufficient compressive strength (minimum 3.5 MPa), and capillary water uptake not exceeding 0.6%. In the present research, laboratory tests were conducted to improve the fundamental technical properties of lightweight perlite-based concrete to meet the aforementioned requirements. Laboratory tests of perlite concrete were carried out by adding eight chemical admixtures with a hydrophobic effect and the obtained results were compared with a reference concrete (without admixtures). However, the positive results obtained under laboratory conditions were not confirmed under actual production conditions. Therefore, further tests were conducted on chimney casings taken directly from the production line. Subsequent chemical admixtures with a hydrophobic effect, based on silane/siloxane water emulsions, were applied to determine the concrete mix's optimal composition. The results of the tests carried out on perlite concrete chimney casings from the production line confirm the effectiveness of the applied chemical admixtures with a hydrophobic effect in improving the moisture resistance. This was further supported by the outcomes of the so-called 'drop test' and capillary uptake test, with the suitable bulk density and compressive strength being maintained.
目前，烟囱技术正在寻找具有改进隔热性能且同时具备足够耐久性的新材料。使用基于轻质骨料（如膨胀珍珠岩）的混凝土能够应对这一挑战，前提是对混凝土混合料的成分进行适当调整。设计烟囱系统外壳部件时的主要研究挑战在于确保足够的抗渗性（最大吸水率为25%），同时实现尽可能低的堆积密度（低于1000千克/立方米）、足够的抗压强度（最小3.5兆帕）以及不超过0.6%的毛细管吸水率。在本研究中，进行了实验室测试以改善基于轻质珍珠岩的混凝土的基本技术性能，以满足上述要求。通过添加八种具有疏水作用的化学外加剂对珍珠岩混凝土进行了实验室测试，并将所得结果与参考混凝土（不添加外加剂）进行比较。然而，在实验室条件下获得的积极结果在实际生产条件下并未得到证实。因此，对直接取自生产线的烟囱外壳进行了进一步测试。随后应用基于硅烷/硅氧烷水乳液的具有疏水作用的化学外加剂，以确定混凝土混合料的最佳组成。对生产线珍珠岩混凝土烟囱外壳进行的测试结果证实了所应用的具有疏水作用的化学外加剂在提高防潮性方面的有效性。所谓的“滴落试验”和毛细管吸水试验的结果进一步支持了这一点，同时保持了合适的堆积密度和抗压强度。
