Elrefaei Saeed A, Parma-Benfenati Lucrezia, Dabaja Rana, Nava Paolo, Wang Hom-Lay, Saleh Muhammad H A
Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Jul 14;61(7):1269. doi: 10.3390/medicina61071269.
Bone regeneration (BR) is a cornerstone technique in reconstructive dental surgery, traditionally using either barrier membranes, titanium meshes, or perforated non-resorbable membranes to facilitate bone regeneration. Recent advancements in 3D technology, including CAD/CAM and additive manufacturing, have enabled the development of customized scaffolds tailored to patient needs, potentially overcoming the limitations of conventional methods. A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2025 to identify studies on digital technologies applied to bone augmentation. Eligible studies encompassed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series, and case reports, all published in English. Data regarding digital workflows, software, materials, printing techniques, and sterilization methods were extracted from 23 studies published between 2015 and 2024. : The review highlights a diverse range of digital workflows, beginning with CBCT-based DICOM to STL conversion using software such as Mimics and Btk-3D. Customized titanium meshes and other meshes like Poly Ether-Ether Ketone (PEEK) meshes were produced via techniques including direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), selective laser melting (SLM), and five-axis milling. Although titanium remained the predominant material, studies reported variations in mesh design, thickness, and sterilization protocols. The findings underscore that digital customization enhances surgical precision and efficiency in BR, with several studies demonstrating improved bone gain and reduced operative time compared to conventional approaches. : This scoping review confirms that 3D techniques represent a promising advancement in BR. Customized digital workflows provide superior accuracy and support for BR procedures, yet variability in protocols and limited high-quality trials underscore the need for further clinical research to standardize techniques and validate long-term outcomes.
骨再生（BR）是口腔颌面外科重建手术中的一项基础技术，传统上使用屏障膜、钛网或多孔不可吸收膜来促进骨再生。包括计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）和增材制造在内的三维技术的最新进展，使得能够开发出根据患者需求定制的支架，有可能克服传统方法的局限性。根据系统评价和Meta分析扩展版（PRISMA）指南进行了一项范围综述。截至2025年1月，在医学文献数据库（MEDLINE，即PubMed）、考克兰图书馆、Scopus和科学网进行了电子检索，以识别应用于骨增量的数字技术的研究。符合条件的研究包括随机对照试验、队列研究、病例系列和病例报告，均以英文发表。从2015年至2024年发表的23项研究中提取了有关数字工作流程、软件、材料、打印技术和灭菌方法的数据。该综述强调了各种各样的数字工作流程，从基于锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）的医学数字成像和通信（DICOM）到使用Mimics和Btk-3D等软件进行的DICOM到立体光刻（STL）转换。定制的钛网和其他网，如聚醚醚酮（PEEK）网，是通过直接金属激光烧结（DMLS）、选择性激光熔化（SLM）和五轴铣削等技术生产的。尽管钛仍然是主要材料，但研究报告了网设计、厚度和灭菌方案的差异。研究结果强调，数字定制提高了骨再生手术的精度和效率，多项研究表明，与传统方法相比，骨增量有所改善，手术时间缩短。该范围综述证实，三维技术是骨再生领域一项有前景的进展。定制的数字工作流程为骨再生手术提供了更高的准确性和支持，但方案的变异性和高质量试验的有限性强调了需要进一步的临床研究来规范技术并验证长期结果。
