Di Spirito Federica, Giordano Francesco, Di Palo Maria Pia, Ferraro Cosimo, Cecere Luigi, Frucci Eugenio, Caggiano Mario, Lo Giudice Roberto
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University Hospital "G. Martino" of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98123 Messina, ME, Italy.
Dent J (Basel). 2024 Sep 25;12(10):303. doi: 10.3390/dj12100303.
The new frontiers of computer-based surgery, technology, and material advances, have allowed for customized 3D printed manufacturing to become widespread in guided bone regeneration (GBR) in oral implantology. The shape, structural, mechanical, and biological manufacturing characteristics achieved through 3D printing technologies allow for the customization of implant-prosthetic rehabilitations and GBR procedures according to patient-specific needs, reducing complications and surgery time. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to elucidate the 3D-printing digital radiographic process, materials, indications, 3D printed manufacturing-controlled characteristics, histological findings, complications, patient-reported outcomes, and short- and long-term clinical considerations of customized 3D printed mesh, membranes, bone substitutes, and dental implants applied to GBR in oral implantology. An electronic search was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, BioMed Central, and Web of Science until 30 June 2024. Three-dimensionally printed titanium meshes and bone substitutes registered successful outcomes in vertical/horizontal bone defect regeneration. Three-dimensionally printed polymeric membranes could link the advantages of conventional resorbable and non-resorbable membranes. Few data on customized 3D printed dental implants and abutments are available, but in vitro and animal studies have shown new promising designs that could improve their mechanical properties and tribocorrosion-associated complications. While 3D printing technology has demonstrated potential in GBR, additional human studies are needed to evaluate the short- and long-term follow-up of peri-implant bone levels and volumes following prosthetic functional loading.
基于计算机的手术、技术和材料进步的新前沿，已使定制3D打印制造在口腔种植学的引导骨再生（GBR）中广泛应用。通过3D打印技术实现的形状、结构、机械和生物制造特性，能够根据患者的特定需求定制种植修复体和GBR手术，减少并发症并缩短手术时间。因此，本叙述性综述旨在阐明3D打印数字射线照相过程、材料、适应症、3D打印制造控制特性、组织学结果、并发症、患者报告结局以及应用于口腔种植学GBR的定制3D打印网片、膜、骨替代物和牙种植体的短期和长期临床考量。截至2024年6月30日，通过MEDLINE/PubMed、Scopus、BioMed Central和Web of Science进行了电子检索。三维打印钛网片和骨替代物在垂直/水平骨缺损再生方面取得了成功的结果。三维打印聚合物膜可以结合传统可吸收和不可吸收膜的优点。关于定制3D打印牙种植体和基台的数据很少，但体外和动物研究已经展示了一些有前景的新设计，这些设计可以改善其机械性能和与摩擦腐蚀相关的并发症。虽然3D打印技术在GBR中已显示出潜力，但仍需要更多人体研究来评估修复功能加载后种植体周围骨水平和体积的短期和长期随访情况。
