Visualization Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of Turnout Wheel-Rail Forces Based on BIM for Sustainable Railway Management.

With China's high-speed rail network undergoing rapid expansion, turnouts constitute critical elements whose safety and stability are essential to railway operation. At present, the efficiency of wheel-rail force safety monitoring conducted in the small hours reserved for the construction and maintenance of operating lines without marking train operation lines is relatively low. To enhance the efficiency of turnout safety monitoring, in this study, a three-dimensional BIM model of the No. 42 turnout was established and a corresponding wheel-rail force monitoring scheme was devised. Collision detection for monitoring equipment placement and construction process simulation was conducted using Navisworks, such that the rationality of cable routing and the precision of construction sequence alignment were improved. A train wheel-rail force analysis program was developed in MATLAB R2022b to perform signal filtering, and static calibration was applied to calculate key safety evaluation indices-namely, the coefficient of derailment and the rate of wheel load reduction-which were subsequently analyzed. The safety of the No. 42 turnout and the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring scheme were validated, theoretical support was provided for train operational safety and turnout maintenance, and technical guidance was offered for whole-life-cycle management and green, sustainable development of railway infrastructure.