Helisz Paulina, Krupa-Kotara Karolina, Gwioździk Weronika, Głogowska-Ligus Joanna
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 14;17(14):2311. doi: 10.3390/nu17142311.
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the body's homeostasis, and its disruption has been linked to the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis and cognitive decline. This review attempted to assess whether the composition of the gut microbiota differs significantly according to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and whether the presence of specific cytokines and inflammatory markers in the microbiota of patients with atherosclerosis may correlate with cognitive impairment. In addition, it considered whether increased dietary fiber intake may contribute to lower levels of inflammatory markers compared to a low-fiber diet. This review included publications from 2015 to 2024, searched in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Only studies meeting the quality criteria were included. The pooled data indicate that intestinal dysbiosis can lead to increased intestinal barrier permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, which promotes chronic inflammation. This process plays an important role in both atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration. In addition, some studies indicate a beneficial effect of dietary fiber in reducing inflammatory markers. The conclusions of this review highlight the need for further, well-designed studies to identify the causal relationship between the microbiota, its metabolites, atherosclerosis, and cognitive deficits, which may provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies.
肠道微生物群在维持机体稳态中发挥着重要作用，其紊乱与冠状动脉粥样硬化的发病机制及认知功能下降有关。本综述试图评估肠道微生物群的组成是否会根据冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重程度而有显著差异，以及动脉粥样硬化患者微生物群中特定细胞因子和炎症标志物的存在是否可能与认知障碍相关。此外，本综述还探讨了与低纤维饮食相比，增加膳食纤维摄入量是否有助于降低炎症标志物水平。本综述纳入了2015年至2024年在PubMed和Scopus数据库中检索到的出版物。仅纳入符合质量标准的研究。汇总数据表明，肠道生态失调可导致肠道屏障通透性增加和脂多糖（LPS）易位，从而促进慢性炎症。这一过程在动脉粥样硬化和神经退行性变中均起重要作用。此外，一些研究表明膳食纤维在降低炎症标志物方面具有有益作用。本综述的结论强调需要进一步开展精心设计的研究，以确定微生物群及其代谢产物、动脉粥样硬化和认知缺陷之间的因果关系，这可能为新的治疗策略提供依据。
