Pereira Vanessa, Cuevas-Sierra Amanda, de la O Victor, Salvado Rita, Barreiros-Mota Inês, Castela Inês, Camelo Alexandra, Brandão Inês, Santo Christophe Espírito, Faria Ana, Calhau Conceição, Silvestre Marta P, Moreira-Rosário André
NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FCM, Nova University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nutrition Department Farmodiética, Farmodiética, 2785-723 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 18;17(14):2360. doi: 10.3390/nu17142360.
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key modulator in obesity management, influencing host energy balance, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory pathways. With obesity prevalence continuing to rise globally, dietary interventions that promote beneficial microbial shifts are essential for enhancing weight loss outcomes and long-term health.
This study investigated the effects of the multicomponent Weight Loss Maintenance 3 Phases Program (WLM3P), which integrates caloric restriction, a high-protein low-carbohydrate diet, time-restricted eating (10h TRE), dietary supplementation (prebiotics and phytochemicals), and digital app-based support on gut microbiota composition compared to a standard low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) in adults with obesity. The analysis focused exclusively on the 6-month weight loss period corresponding to Phases 1 and 2 of the WLM3P intervention.
In this sub-analysis of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04192357), 58 adults with obesity (BMI 30.0-39.9 kg/m) were randomized to the WLM3P ( = 29) or LCD ( = 29) groups. Stool samples were collected at baseline and 6 months for 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were assessed, and genus-level differential abundance was determined using EdgeR and LEfSe. Associations between microbial taxa and clinical outcomes were evaluated using regression models.
After 6-month, the WLM3P group showed a significant increase in alpha diversity ( = 0.03) and a significant change in beta diversity ( < 0.01), while no significant changes were observed in the LCD group. Differential abundance analysis revealed specific microbial signatures in WLM3P participants, including increased levels of . Notably, higher abundance was associated with greater reductions in fat mass (kg, %) and visceral adiposity (cm) in the WLM3P group compared to LCD ( < 0.01).
These findings suggest a potential microbiota-mediated mechanism in weight loss, where may enhance fat reduction effectiveness in the context of the WLM3P intervention.
肠道微生物群越来越被认为是肥胖管理中的关键调节因子，影响宿主能量平衡、脂质代谢和炎症途径。随着全球肥胖患病率持续上升，促进有益微生物变化的饮食干预对于提高减肥效果和长期健康至关重要。
本研究调查了多组分减肥维持三阶段计划（WLM3P）对肥胖成年人肠道微生物群组成的影响，该计划整合了热量限制、高蛋白低碳水化合物饮食、限时进食（10小时TRE）、膳食补充剂（益生元和植物化学物质）以及基于数字应用程序的支持，并与标准低碳水化合物饮食（LCD）进行比较。分析仅聚焦于与WLM3P干预的第1阶段和第2阶段相对应的6个月减肥期。
在这项随机对照试验的亚分析中（ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT04192357），将58名肥胖成年人（BMI 30.0-39.9 kg/m）随机分为WLM3P组（n = 29）或LCD组（n = 29）。在基线和6个月时收集粪便样本进行16S rRNA测序。评估α和β多样性，并使用EdgeR和LEfSe确定属水平的差异丰度。使用回归模型评估微生物分类群与临床结果之间的关联。
6个月后，WLM3P组的α多样性显著增加（P = 0.03），β多样性有显著变化（P < 0.01），而LCD组未观察到显著变化。差异丰度分析揭示了WLM3P参与者的特定微生物特征，包括[具体菌属]水平的增加。值得注意的是，与LCD组相比，WLM3P组中[具体菌属]丰度较高与脂肪量（kg， %）和内脏脂肪量（cm）的更大减少相关（P < 0.01）。
这些发现表明减肥过程中存在潜在的微生物群介导机制，在WLM3P干预的背景下，[具体菌属]可能会增强减脂效果。
