Poniedziałek Barbara, Majewska Wiktoria, Kondratiuk Katarzyna, Masny Aleksander, Poznańska Anna, Szymański Karol, Łuniewska Katarzyna, Czajkowska Emilia, Mańkowski Bartosz, Brydak Lidia B, Tomasiewicz Krzysztof, Flisiak Robert, Rzymski Piotr
Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jul 9;13(7):741. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13070741.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections across all age groups, with the greatest burden observed in young children and older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted RSV circulation, resulting in an immunity gap and altered transmission dynamics. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-RSV IgG antibodies in the Polish population during the 2023/2024 epidemic season. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize RSV seroprevalence at the population level in Poland. A total of 700 serum samples from individuals across different age groups were analyzed using a commercial assay to detect anti-RSV IgG antibodies. Seroprevalence and antibody levels, expressed as the index of positivity (IP), were examined by age and sex. The overall seroprevalence of anti-RSV IgG antibodies was 91.4%. Antibody positivity increased markedly from 35.5% in infants aged 0-1 years to over 90% in children aged 4-5 years, reaching nearly universal levels in older age groups, including 99.1% in adults aged ≥60 years. Median IP values also rose with age, peaking in individuals aged ≥60 years. No significant differences in seroprevalence were observed between sexes, though older men showed slightly higher median IP values, potentially reflecting greater cumulative RSV exposure. This study provides key insights into the post-pandemic landscape of RSV immunity in Poland. The high seroprevalence across most age groups underscores widespread prior exposure, while the lower rates in infants highlight a continued vulnerability. These findings support the development and implementation of targeted immunization strategies, particularly for infants and older adults.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是所有年龄组呼吸道感染的主要病因，在幼儿和老年人中观察到的负担最大。新冠疫情严重扰乱了RSV的传播，导致免疫差距并改变了传播动态。本研究旨在评估2023/2024流行季节波兰人群中抗RSV IgG抗体的血清阳性率。据我们所知，这是第一项在波兰人群层面描述RSV血清阳性率的研究。使用商业检测方法对来自不同年龄组的700份个体血清样本进行分析，以检测抗RSV IgG抗体。通过年龄和性别检查血清阳性率和抗体水平，以阳性指数（IP）表示。抗RSV IgG抗体的总体血清阳性率为91.4%。抗体阳性率从0至1岁婴儿的35.5%显著增加到4至5岁儿童的90%以上，在老年组中达到几乎普遍的水平，包括≥60岁成年人中的99.1%。IP中位数也随年龄增长而上升，在≥60岁的个体中达到峰值。虽然老年男性的IP中位数略高，可能反映出RSV累积暴露更多，但两性之间的血清阳性率没有显著差异。本研究为波兰疫情后RSV免疫情况提供了关键见解。大多数年龄组的高血清阳性率强调了先前广泛的暴露，而婴儿中较低的血清阳性率则突出了持续的易感性。这些发现支持制定和实施有针对性的免疫策略，特别是针对婴儿和老年人。
