Giant Piezoelectricity and Excellent Thermal Sensitivity in Er Doped PSN-PMN-PT via Texturing-Driven Crystal Field Engineering.

To address the challenge of concurrent regulation of piezoelectric and upconversion (UC) luminescent properties in multifunctional ceramics, this study introduces a texturing-induced crystal field engineering strategy. The [001] texturing can significantly facilitate polarization rotations, meanwhile reducing the local crystal field symmetry at the B-sites of the Er doped perovskites. As a result, a breakthrough in the piezoelectric and UC luminescent performance has been achieved in Er doped Pb(ScNb)O-Pb(MgNb)O-PbTiO (PSN-PMN-PT) ceramics by constructing the [001]-oriented grains with a high Lotgering factor F ∼ 99.2%. The 0.0175Er:PSN-PMN-PT textured ceramic presents ultrahigh piezoelectric constant d ∼ 1120 pC N and great luminescence thermal sensitivity (S = 0.0043 K, S = 0.028 K, δT = 0.48 K). Leveraging the dynamic correlation between crystal field-modulated thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) and in situ piezoelectric-temperature responses, the textured ceramic demonstrates a dual-mode self-calibrated temperature sensing capability, showing its great potential for advanced optoelectronic-integrated applications. This study provides a new strategy to modulate the crystal field for the design of high-performance piezoelectric and UC luminescent multifunctional ceramics.