Kang Minje, Kim Ji-Young, Kwon Chan Woo, Kim Woo Jin, Hong Seok-Ho
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.
Int J Stem Cells. 2025 Jul 30. doi: 10.15283/ijsc25036.
There is mounting epidemiologic and experimental evidence of the harmful effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human lung health. However, the current utilization of two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models falls short in accurately recapitulating the complexity, functions, and development of the human lung. Recently, technologies for creating 3D biomimetic lung organoids from human tissue and pluripotent stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human organs have been rapidly developed. Human lung organoids are currently being applied in various studies such as disease modeling, drug efficacy testing, and regenerative medicine. In the field of environmental toxicology, human lung organoids offer a promising solution for more accurately assessing the health impacts of exposure to PM2.5 and to the limitations posed by 2D cultures and animal models. In this review, we summarize the effects of PM2.5 exposure on human lung and other organoids, as well as the molecular and genetic impacts of such exposure using human organoids. Furthermore, the development of lung-on-a-chip technology to mimic the microenvironment and its utilization for evaluating the pulmotoxicity of PM2.5 exposure are discussed.
越来越多的流行病学和实验证据表明，接触细颗粒物（PM2.5）对人类肺部健康有害。然而，目前二维（2D）细胞培养和动物模型在准确再现人类肺部的复杂性、功能和发育方面存在不足。最近，从人类组织和多能干细胞创建模拟人体器官结构和功能的三维仿生肺类器官的技术得到了迅速发展。人类肺类器官目前正应用于各种研究，如疾病建模、药物疗效测试和再生医学。在环境毒理学领域，人类肺类器官为更准确地评估接触PM2.5对健康的影响以及二维培养和动物模型所带来的局限性提供了一个有前景的解决方案。在这篇综述中，我们总结了接触PM2.5对人类肺部和其他类器官的影响，以及使用人类类器官进行此类接触的分子和遗传影响。此外，还讨论了模拟微环境的芯片肺技术的发展及其在评估PM2.5接触的肺毒性方面的应用。
