Jiang Wenbin, Chen Junhe, Xue Ting, Jiang Yongmei
Wenbin Jiang, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
Junhe Chen, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China.
Pak J Med Sci. 2025 Jul;41(7):2144-2151. doi: 10.12669/pjms.41.7.9657.
This review aims to explore the various symptoms caused by ischemic stroke and summarize current clinical care and rehabilitation treatment options for post-stroke dysphagia. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with the highest prevalence in developing countries. Among them, ischemic stroke is the most common type, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of strokes and is the focus of current stroke research. More than one-third of ischemic stroke patients will be affected by post-stroke functional impairments, including but not limited to claudication, upper limb dysfunction, visual impairment, swallowing dysfunction, etc. Swallowing disorders refer to symptoms such as pain, weakness in chewing, prolonged swallowing time, choking when eating or drinking, and coughing due to abnormal function of the swallowing center and motor-sensory pathways and reduced control of the oral and throat muscles. Severe dysphagia will not only affect the patient's nutritional intake and cause malnutrition, but may also cause serious complications such as dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and suffocation, leading to poor prognosis and even death. Therefore, the care and rehabilitation treatment of such patients have important clinical significance. The treatment strategies integrated in this review provide a variety of approaches for the rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke dysphagia, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine and the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration. Future studies should establish standardized research designs and evaluation indicators to improve the reproducibility of the research and the reliability of the results, hoping to provide more references for the treatment of swallowing dysfunction and the improvement of subsequent clinical care programs.
本综述旨在探讨缺血性中风引起的各种症状，并总结中风后吞咽困难的当前临床护理和康复治疗选择。中风是全球第二大死因和长期残疾的主要原因，在发展中国家患病率最高。其中，缺血性中风是最常见的类型，占中风总数的80%以上，是当前中风研究的重点。超过三分之一的缺血性中风患者会受到中风后功能障碍的影响，包括但不限于跛行、上肢功能障碍、视力障碍、吞咽功能障碍等。吞咽障碍是指由于吞咽中枢和运动感觉通路功能异常以及口腔和咽喉肌肉控制能力下降而出现的疼痛、咀嚼无力、吞咽时间延长、进食或饮水时呛咳、咳嗽等症状。严重的吞咽困难不仅会影响患者的营养摄入并导致营养不良，还可能导致脱水、吸入性肺炎和窒息等严重并发症，导致预后不良甚至死亡。因此，对此类患者的护理和康复治疗具有重要的临床意义。本综述中整合的治疗策略为中风后吞咽困难患者的康复提供了多种方法，强调了个性化医疗的重要性以及多学科协作的必要性。未来的研究应建立标准化的研究设计和评估指标，以提高研究的可重复性和结果的可靠性，希望为吞咽功能障碍的治疗和后续临床护理方案的改进提供更多参考。
