Advanced Proteomics Approaches Hold Potential for the Risk Assessment of Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals as Omics-Based NAM: A Case Study Using the Phthalate Substitute DINCH.

The concept of metabolic disruption through exposure to chemicals has expanded our understanding of how environmental pollution can contribute to metabolic dysregulation and, ultimately, diseases like obesity. New strategies for assessing the risks posed by chemicals are needed, and omics technologies, including proteomics, have proven to be powerful tools for investigating the molecular mechanisms of these metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs). A potential MDC is the plasticizer DINCH─an alternative to legacy phthalates like DEHP, whose primary metabolite MINCH has been linked to the induction of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Here, global proteomics was complemented with insights into protein thermal stability and the profiles of post-translational modification (PTM) acetylation and phosphorylation to provide a profound understanding of chemical-induced metabolic disruption in adipocytes. We demonstrate the utility of advanced proteomics approaches in assessing the effects of potential MDCs by using the human SGBS adipocyte cell line. Adipose tissue PTM data from dietary DINCH-exposed mice were assessed as an model, and data shed light on DINCH's molecular effects, including protein interactions beyond its primary target PPARγ. The results emphasize the potential of omics approaches to enhance current risk assessment frameworks for emerging contaminants.