Xia Yi, Hu Yimin, Ouyang Juan, Huang Rui
Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Eur J Pain. 2025 Sep;29(8):e70092. doi: 10.1002/ejp.70092.
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that severely affects patients' quality of life and work capacity. Due to its complex aetiology and lack of clear pathological markers, conventional treatments often provide limited relief. Mind-body exercises (MBEs), including Tai Chi (TC), Qigong (QG), Daoyin, and Yoga, have gained attention for their dual physical and psychological benefits. This study evaluates these four MBEs to determine their efficacy in managing CNSLBP.
A systematic search of seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, EBSCO, CNKI, WANFANG) identified 29 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 3803 CNSLBP patients. Outcomes included pain scores (PS), physical functioning (PF), and quality of life (QOL). A network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 to compare intervention effectiveness and assess direct/indirect evidence consistency.
The results of the network meta-analysis showed that in terms of pain scores (PS), Qigong (QG, SUCRA = 79.5%, SMD = -3.08) had the best effect; in terms of physical functioning (PF), Qigong (SUCRA = 86.5%, SMD = -4.94) remained the best intervention; whereas, in terms of quality of life (QOL), Tai Chi (TC, SUCRA = 94.3%, SMD = 13.15) had the most significant effect. Qigong was superior in terms of pain and functional improvement, while Tai Chi performed optimally in terms of quality-of-life improvement.
QG is the most effective for pain relief and improving physical function, while TC best enhances QoL. Different MBEs have distinct effects on functional outcomes, suggesting that interventions should be tailored to individual patient needs. Combining multiple approaches may optimise results for CNSLBP management.
This study highlights the efficacy of mind-body exercises (Qigong, Yoga, Tai Chi) in improving pain, function, and quality of life for chronic low back pain. Qigong and Yoga excel in pain relief, while Tai Chi enhances well-being. By integrating physical movement with mental focus, these low-intensity, adaptable therapies offer a holistic, non-pharmacological approach, emphasising personalised care for long-term management.
慢性非特异性下腰痛（CNSLBP）是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，严重影响患者的生活质量和工作能力。由于其病因复杂且缺乏明确的病理标志物，传统治疗往往效果有限。身心锻炼（MBEs），包括太极拳（TC）、气功（QG）、导引和瑜伽，因其对身体和心理的双重益处而受到关注。本研究评估这四种身心锻炼方法，以确定它们在管理CNSLBP方面的疗效。
对七个数据库（PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane、EBSCO、CNKI、万方）进行系统检索，确定了29项随机对照试验（RCTs），涉及3803例CNSLBP患者。结局指标包括疼痛评分（PS）、身体功能（PF）和生活质量（QOL）。使用Stata 17.0进行网络荟萃分析，以比较干预效果并评估直接/间接证据的一致性。
网络荟萃分析结果显示，在疼痛评分（PS）方面，气功（QG，累积排序曲线下面积（SUCRA）=79.5%，标准化均数差（SMD）=-3.08）效果最佳；在身体功能（PF）方面，气功（SUCRA=86.5%，SMD=-4.94）仍然是最佳干预措施；而在生活质量（QOL）方面，太极拳（TC，SUCRA=94.3%，SMD=13.15）效果最为显著。气功在疼痛和功能改善方面更具优势，而太极拳在生活质量改善方面表现最佳。
气功在缓解疼痛和改善身体功能方面最有效，而太极拳在提高生活质量方面效果最佳。不同的身心锻炼方法对功能结局有不同的影响，这表明干预措施应根据个体患者的需求进行调整。结合多种方法可能会优化CNSLBP管理的效果。
本研究强调了身心锻炼（气功、瑜伽、太极拳）在改善慢性下腰痛患者的疼痛、功能和生活质量方面的疗效。气功和瑜伽在缓解疼痛方面表现出色，而太极拳则能提升幸福感。通过将身体运动与精神专注相结合，这些低强度、适应性强的疗法提供了一种整体的、非药物的方法，强调个性化护理以进行长期管理。
