Morishita Y, Yamashita M, Yamada K, Arikawa K, Taira A
Ann Thorac Surg. 1985 Dec;40(6):614-6. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60359-1.
Two cyanotic patients had venoarterial shunting from the inferior vena cava to the left atrium in an uncomplicated atrial septal defect with normal right ventricular pressures. Cyanosis was due to a large, anomalous inferior vena caval valve, the eustachian valve. The mechanism of cyanosis and technical problems for surgical repair are discussed.