Bennett B L, Schlichting C L, Bondi K R
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1985 Nov;56(11):1085-91.
The aim of this study was to further document physiological deconditioning from occupational exposure to submarines as described in a small number of reports and determine whether cognitive performance parallels the physiological changes associated with physical training and deconditioning. We examined cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance in 14 male subjects during 70 d of confinement in a nuclear submarine. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) were assessed before and after confinement. Six exercising subjects (ES) cycled 4-7 times per week for 20 min at 75% max heart rate for 8 weeks. Eight control subjects (CS) did no exercise. Every 14 d of the patrol, cognitive performance was evaluated in both groups by administering a mental arithmetic and choice reaction time tests before cycling, during cycling, and post cycling. The cycle bout consisted of exercising at 75% VO2max for 15 min. After confinement, VO2max remained constant for ES but declined 7% statistically nonsignificant for the CS. AT expressed as a percentage of VO2max increased 15% (p less than 0.05) in the ES and decreased 20% (p less than 0.05) in the CS. The only significant effect in the cognitive tests was that both groups responded faster in the choice reaction time test during the exercise session. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a training effect for AT in the ES and a deconditioning response for AT and a statistically nonsignificant reduction in VO2max in the CS. Under the conditions of this experiment we could find no effects of physical training and deconditioning on the cognitive performance test employed here, although some trends suggest that exercisers out-performed the control group.
本研究的目的是进一步记录少数报告中所描述的因职业暴露于潜艇环境而导致的生理机能衰退情况，并确定认知表现是否与体能训练和机能衰退相关的生理变化平行。我们在14名男性受试者于核潜艇中禁闭70天期间，对其心肺适能和认知表现进行了检查。在禁闭前后评估了最大摄氧量（VO2max）和无氧阈值（AT）。六名运动组受试者（ES）每周进行4 - 7次骑行，以最大心率的75%骑行20分钟，持续8周。八名对照组受试者（CS）不进行运动。在巡逻的每14天，两组均在骑行前、骑行期间和骑行后通过进行心算和选择反应时间测试来评估认知表现。骑行回合包括以VO2max的75%进行15分钟运动。禁闭后，ES组的VO2max保持不变，而CS组下降了7%，但无统计学意义。以VO2max的百分比表示的AT，ES组增加了15%（p小于0.05），CS组下降了20%（p小于0.05）。认知测试中唯一显著的影响是，两组在运动期间的选择反应时间测试中反应都更快。总之，这些数据表明ES组的AT有训练效果，CS组的AT有机能衰退反应，且VO2max有统计学上无显著意义的下降。在本实验条件下，我们未发现体能训练和机能衰退对这里所采用的认知表现测试有影响，尽管一些趋势表明运动组的表现优于对照组。
