Li Zhangcheng, Hao Huafang, Cui Wenjing, Chen Shengli, Zhang Ying, Chen Rui, Baz Ahmed Adel, Jin Shanyu, Wang Xueyan, Yan Xinmin, Gao Pengcheng, Xu Lihua, Lan Shimei, Chu Yuefeng
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Control (North), Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730046, China.
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
Microbiol Res. 2025 Nov;300:128290. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128290. Epub 2025 Jul 24.
Pathogenic Mycoplasma is a critical pathogen responsible for plant, animal, and human diseases worldwide. Understanding its genetic characteristics and adaptive evolution is essential for elucidating the related transmission mechanisms and pathogenicity. However, analysing the genetic evolution of Mycoplasma solely at the genome level provides an incomplete understanding of the biological characteristics driven by genetic variation. In this study, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), a pathogen of ruminants, was used as a model organism. A multi-omics approach was employed to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of the globally prevalent genotype ST52 strain and a novel genotype strain derived from it, which exhibited distinct biological phenotypes. The results demonstrated that the enhanced activity of the nucleotide metabolic pathways in M. bovis support its rapid proliferation during the logarithmic growth phase. Additionally, M. bovis regulates its cell membrane fluidity and enhances its adaptability to osmotic stress through modulation of lysophospholipid content. A novel protein with phospholipase activity, MB0331, was identified and found to enhance membrane fluidity and adaptability to high-glucose environments in M. bovis. MB0331 homologous proteins are widely present in other mycoplasma species. The active nucleotide and lipid metabolic pathways in the novel genotype strain may be correlated with abundant DNA methylation in the gene body. This comprehensive multi-omics analysis advances our understanding of the adaptive evolution of M. bovis and provides new insights and evidence to inform future studies regarding environmental adaptability and genetic variation mechanisms in Mycoplasma.
致病性支原体是一种关键病原体，在全球范围内引发植物、动物和人类疾病。了解其遗传特征和适应性进化对于阐明相关传播机制和致病性至关重要。然而，仅在基因组水平分析支原体的遗传进化，无法全面理解由遗传变异驱动的生物学特性。在本研究中，反刍动物病原体牛支原体（M. bovis）被用作模式生物。采用多组学方法对全球流行的基因型ST52菌株及其衍生的具有不同生物学表型的新型基因型菌株进行了全面的比较分析。结果表明，牛支原体中核苷酸代谢途径活性的增强支持其在对数生长期的快速增殖。此外，牛支原体通过调节溶血磷脂含量来调节其细胞膜流动性，并增强其对渗透胁迫的适应性。一种具有磷脂酶活性的新型蛋白MB0331被鉴定出来，发现它能增强牛支原体的膜流动性和对高糖环境的适应性。MB0331同源蛋白广泛存在于其他支原体物种中。新型基因型菌株中活跃的核苷酸和脂质代谢途径可能与基因体内丰富的DNA甲基化有关。这种全面的多组学分析推进了我们对牛支原体适应性进化的理解，并为未来关于支原体环境适应性和遗传变异机制的研究提供了新的见解和证据。
