Comparcini Dania, Simonetti Valentina, Totaro Melania, Governatori Letizia, Pastore Francesco, Di Lorenzo Antonio, Tafuri Silvio, Keisala Jeremia, Mikkonen Kristina, Unsworth John, Tomietto Marco, Cicolini Giancarlo
Center of Innovation in Nursing Research (CINR) - Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Center of Innovation in Nursing Research (CINR) - Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Appl Nurs Res. 2025 Aug;84:151976. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151976. Epub 2025 Jun 13.
Nurses and nursing students' attitudes toward COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines are crucial for protecting vulnerable patients and reducing vaccine hesitancy in the general population. Social media is key in spreading vaccine information and it has opposite effects on vaccine hesitancy, alongside several socio-demographic and professional characteristics.
This study aims to identify the characteristics of vaccine hesitancy among nurses and nursing students.
A multi-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted between March and September 2023. Data were collected through an online survey to assess: (I) sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, and social media usage; (II) vaccine hesitancy (measured with the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale); (III) social media addiction (using the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale). K-means cluster analysis was performed to identify vaccine hesitancy profiles. ANOVA and Chi-square were adopted to identify the key characteristics of the profiles.
Among 604 participants, three profiles were identified. Concerns about unforeseen future effects was the most relevant factor of vaccine hesitancy across all profiles for both COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines. The most hesitant profile included mainly older nurses. Influenza vaccination uptake was the highest in the least hesitant profile, which also reported greater use of social media platforms like YouTube, LinkedIn, and Twitter/X.
This study provides insights to develop targeted interventions appropriate to nurses and nursing students' profiles. These results will support tailored vaccination campaigns to address the most relevant factors of vaccine hesitancy and provide evidence-based information to mitigate misconceptions and enhance vaccine uptake among nurses and nursing students.
护士和护理专业学生对新冠病毒疫苗和流感疫苗的态度对于保护易感染患者以及减少普通人群中的疫苗犹豫情绪至关重要。社交媒体是传播疫苗信息的关键因素，它对疫苗犹豫情绪有着相反的影响，同时还受到一些社会人口统计学和专业特征的影响。
本研究旨在确定护士和护理专业学生中疫苗犹豫情绪的特征。
于2023年3月至9月开展了一项多中心横断面研究。通过在线调查收集数据，以评估：（I）社会人口统计学和职业特征以及社交媒体使用情况；（II）疫苗犹豫情绪（采用疫苗接种态度检查量表进行测量）；（III）社交媒体成瘾情况（使用卑尔根社交媒体成瘾量表）。采用K均值聚类分析来确定疫苗犹豫情绪的类型。采用方差分析和卡方检验来确定这些类型的关键特征。
在604名参与者中，确定了三种类型。对于新冠病毒疫苗和流感疫苗而言，对未来不可预见影响的担忧是所有类型中疫苗犹豫情绪最相关的因素。最犹豫的类型主要包括年长的护士。在最不犹豫的类型中，流感疫苗接种率最高，该类型还报告称更多地使用了YouTube、领英和推特/X等社交媒体平台。
本研究为制定适合护士和护理专业学生类型的针对性干预措施提供了见解。这些结果将支持开展量身定制的疫苗接种活动，以解决疫苗犹豫情绪的最相关因素，并提供基于证据的信息，以减少误解并提高护士和护理专业学生的疫苗接种率。
