He Jiaxin, Dong Jianmei, Zhang Wenwen, Cheng Yaya, Xie Jiali, Ji Xufeng, Ullah Fazal, Ma Yanjun, Kong Weibao
College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials (Northwest Normal University), Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Engineering Research Center of High Value-added Utilization of Distinctive Agricultural Products, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Sep;213:106538. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106538. Epub 2025 Jul 1.
Fusarium spp. threaten both plants and animals, while traditional chemical control faces environmental risks and pesticide residue issues. Therefore, development of green and effective botanical pesticide has become an alternative. In this study, the antifungal activity and mechanism of oleuropein (OLE) and matrine (MAT) against four species of Fusarium based on the phenotypic, physio-biochemical, and transcriptome levels were investigated. The results showed that OLE and MAT exhibited obvious antifungal activities through inhibiting spore germination, damaging the microstructure of the mycelium, and thereby causing the leakage of intracellular small and macromolecular electrolytes. Moreover, MAT displayed stronger antifungal activity at lower concentrations than OLE, while F. graminearum was more sensitive to the both extracts, with IC values of 18.09 g/L and 1.99 g/L for F. graminearum inhibition by OLE and MAT, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis using F. graminearum as model strain revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after OLE treatment were enriched in 20 GO terms, including cell wall chitin metabolic and small molecule metabolic processes. While, DEGs after MAT treatment were enriched in GO terms related to endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and intracellular macromolecule metabolic processes. Furthermore, DEGs from the OLE treatment were annotated to 19 pathways involved in glutathione metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway; DEGs from the MAT treatment were annotated to 8 genetic information processing and 11 metabolism. These findings reveal the distinct antifungal mechanisms of OLE and MAT, and suggest that OLE also has the potential to be developed into a botanical fungicide for application in plant protection.
镰刀菌属对植物和动物都构成威胁，而传统化学防治面临环境风险和农药残留问题。因此，开发绿色高效的植物源农药成为一种选择。本研究从表型、生理生化和转录组水平研究了橄榄苦苷（OLE）和苦参碱（MAT）对四种镰刀菌的抗真菌活性及作用机制。结果表明，OLE和MAT通过抑制孢子萌发、破坏菌丝体微观结构，进而导致细胞内小分子和大分子电解质泄漏，表现出明显的抗真菌活性。此外，MAT在较低浓度下比OLE表现出更强的抗真菌活性，而禾谷镰刀菌对这两种提取物更敏感，OLE和MAT对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制IC值分别为18.09 g/L和1.99 g/L。以禾谷镰刀菌为模式菌株的转录组分析表明，OLE处理后的差异表达基因（DEGs）富集在20个GO术语中，包括细胞壁几丁质代谢和小分子代谢过程。而MAT处理后的DEGs富集在与内质网、高尔基体和细胞内大分子代谢过程相关的GO术语中。此外，OLE处理的DEGs注释到19条参与谷胱甘肽代谢和氨酰-tRNA生物合成途径的通路；MAT处理的DEGs注释到8条遗传信息处理和11条代谢通路。这些发现揭示了OLE和MAT不同的抗真菌机制，并表明OLE也有开发成植物源杀菌剂用于植物保护的潜力。
