Cerbito Emelith, Abdelrahman Abrar, Tahar Safa, Abdulmajeed Baleegh, El-Awaisi Alla
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2025 Jul 25. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.07.006.
Mentorship is a well-established educational strategy with demonstrated benefits across health professions education, including pharmacy. However, there remains paucity with regards to understanding mentorship in entry-to-practice pharmacy programs. This scoping review aims to identify and describe mentorship models used in mentoring pharmacy students in entry-level pharmacy, outcomes, characteristics of an effective mentorship, and gaps in current literature on mentorship in pharmacy.
A systematic literature search was initially conducted in early 2022 across PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, and Scopus, using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms related to mentorship in entry-level pharmacy education. The search was updated in May 2025 to include studies published between 2022 and 2024. Two independent reviewers screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data were extracted on study characteristics and outcome's, and findings were synthesized using Hamlin and Sage's conceptual framework for effective mentoring.
Out of the 1726 identified records, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were conducted in the United States (80 %, n = 20). Most studies aimed to assess the impact of mentorship on mentees' attitude and development. Several studies incorporated traditional mentoring (n = 8), group mentoring (n = 5), hybrid mentoring (n = 7), and peer mentoring (n = 3). Five recurring elements were found to support effective mentorship in pharmacy programs robust recruitment process and training, clear goals, effective communication, mentor-mentee matching, and regular feedback/evaluation.
Mentorship is a valuable component of pharmacy education, with demonstrated benefits for both mentees and mentors. The findings highlight the need for structured mentorship frameworks, standardized evaluation tools, and greater global representation in future research. Implementing evidence-informed mentorship programs may support student success and contribute to the advancement of the pharmacy profession.
导师制是一种成熟的教育策略，在包括药学在内的卫生专业教育中已证明具有诸多益处。然而，对于药学实践入门项目中的导师制，我们仍缺乏足够的了解。本综述旨在识别和描述药学实践入门阶段指导药学专业学生的导师制模式、成果、有效导师制的特点以及当前药学导师制文献中的空白。
2022年初，我们在PubMed、Embase、EBSCO和Scopus数据库中进行了系统的文献检索，使用了与药学实践入门教育中的导师制相关的关键词和医学主题词组合。2025年5月更新了检索，纳入了2022年至2024年发表的研究。两名独立评审员筛选了所有标题、摘要和全文。提取了关于研究特征和结果的数据，并使用哈姆林和塞奇的有效指导概念框架对研究结果进行了综合分析。
在1726条检索到的记录中，有25项研究符合纳入标准。大多数研究在美国进行（80%，n = 20）。大多数研究旨在评估导师制对学员态度和发展的影响。几项研究采用了传统导师制（n = 8）、小组导师制（n = 5）、混合导师制（n = 7）和同伴导师制（n = 3）。发现了五个反复出现的要素来支持药学项目中的有效导师制：强大的招募过程和培训、明确的目标、有效的沟通、导师与学员匹配以及定期反馈/评估。
导师制是药学教育的一个重要组成部分，对学员和导师都有显著益处。研究结果强调了未来研究中需要结构化的导师制框架、标准化的评估工具以及更多的全球代表性研究。实施基于证据的导师制项目可能有助于学生取得成功，并推动药学专业的发展。
