Setiati Siti, Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah, Chew Samuel Teong Huang, Kemala Sari Nina, Harimurti Kuntjoro, Laksmi Purwita Wijaya, Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka, Sunarti Sri, Dwimartutie Noto, Fitriana Ika, Asylia Dinakrisma Anastasia, Azwar Muhammad Khifzhon, Mulyana Roza, Ariestine Dina Aprillia, Cahyawati Wiwit Agung Sri Nur, Dwipa Lazuardhi, Budiningsih Fatichati, Sudarso Agus, Hayati Mala, Isfandiari Chacha Marisa, Setia Muhammad Darma Muda, Istanti Rahmi
Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2025 Jul 17;12:1536848. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1536848. eCollection 2025.
The prevalence of possible sarcopenia among Indonesian older adults using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus cutoffs was abnormally high compared with reported prevalence in other East Asian countries. This suggests that the current AWGS cutoff values may not be applicable to the Indonesian population as it did not contain reference statistical values based on the local population normative studies. This lack of local data may result in inaccurate assessments and diagnoses of sarcopenia among Indonesian population. We therefore aimed to conduct a nationwide study in the community to obtain optimal cutoff values for calf circumference, muscle strength, and physical performance for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Indonesia.
In this multicenter descriptive and cross-sectional study, we collected data from healthy adults aged 20-39 years in different islands in Indonesia. We followed the recommendation by the European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) of using 2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean of a young healthy cohort for the new cutoff points of sex-specific handgrip strength, calf circumference, and gait speed. The mean +2 SD was used for five times sit-to-stand test (FTSTST).
The mean -2 SD value of male handgrip strength was 21.15 kg, and 14.34 kg for female subjects. The mean -2 SD value of male and female calf circumferences were 29.92 cm, and 26.70 cm, respectively. Two SD below the mean of gait speed results was 0.51 s, whereas 2 SD above mean of FTSTST results was 11.69 s.
The suggested cutoff values for low calf circumference, muscle strength, and gait speed in Indonesian population are different from those in previous consensuses. Body morphology, culture, and obesity may be the factors related to this phenomenon. This study contributes to the body of literature of normative data used to determine cutoff values used in the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Indonesian and Asian populations.
与其他东亚国家报告的患病率相比，采用亚洲肌少症工作组（AWGS）2019年共识切点来判定的印度尼西亚老年人中可能存在的肌少症患病率异常高。这表明当前的AWGS切点值可能不适用于印度尼西亚人群，因为它没有基于当地人群规范研究的参考统计值。缺乏当地数据可能导致对印度尼西亚人群中肌少症的评估和诊断不准确。因此，我们旨在开展一项全国性的社区研究，以获取用于诊断印度尼西亚肌少症的小腿围、肌肉力量和身体表现的最佳切点值。
在这项多中心描述性横断面研究中，我们收集了印度尼西亚不同岛屿上20 - 39岁健康成年人的数据。我们遵循欧洲老年人肌少症工作组（EWGSOP）的建议，将特定性别的握力、小腿围和步速的新切点设定为低于年轻健康队列平均值2个标准差[SD]。五次坐立试验（FTSTST）的切点使用平均值 +2 SD。
男性握力的平均 -2 SD值为21.15千克，女性为14.34千克。男性和女性小腿围的平均 -2 SD值分别为29.92厘米和26.70厘米。步速结果低于平均值2个标准差为0.51秒，而FTSTST结果高于平均值2个标准差为11.69秒。
印度尼西亚人群中低小腿围、肌肉力量和步速的建议切点值与先前的共识不同。身体形态、文化和肥胖可能是导致这种现象的因素。本研究为用于确定印度尼西亚和亚洲人群肌少症诊断切点值的规范数据文献做出了贡献。
