Hajek P, Belcher M, Stapleton J
Br J Clin Psychol. 1985 Nov;24 ( Pt 4):289-94. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb00661.x.
The effects of two different group formats constituting part of an otherwise identical smoking cessation programme were evaluated. Each group format was in use for one full calendar year. One hundred and thirty-two smokers were treated in 14 'therapist-oriented' (T-O) groups run in traditional didactic style and 138 in 14 'group-oriented' (G-O) groups, where the primary emphasis was on group resources (group support, group pressure and spontaneous modelling of coping responses). G-O groups were significantly more successful. The two types of groups did not differ in the number of clients who succeeded in stopping smoking just after the first meeting, i.e. before the difference in group formats could have any impact; but in the G-O groups more of those who failed initially persisted in trying and succeeded later in the course. Independently of the format, larger groups were more successful and in addition there was significant variation between single groups regardless of both format and size. Group processes seem to play an important role in smoking cessation and the way in which a group is structured can affect outcome.
对构成其他方面均相同的戒烟计划一部分的两种不同小组形式的效果进行了评估。每种小组形式使用了一整个日历年。132名吸烟者在以传统讲授方式开展的14个“以治疗师为导向”（T-O）小组中接受治疗，138名吸烟者在14个“以小组为导向”（G-O）小组中接受治疗，后者主要强调小组资源（小组支持、小组压力和应对反应的自发示范）。G-O小组明显更成功。两种类型的小组在首次会议后（即在小组形式差异产生任何影响之前）成功戒烟的客户数量上没有差异；但在G-O小组中，更多最初失败的人坚持尝试并随后成功。与形式无关，规模较大的小组更成功，此外，无论形式和规模如何，单个小组之间存在显著差异。小组过程似乎在戒烟中起着重要作用，并且小组的组织方式会影响结果。
