Yamada Toshiro, Yamada Yasuhiro
Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
, Kanazawa, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 1;15(1):28149. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00564-8.
A mathematical model that can estimate the apparent longevity of bee-colony proposed previously clarified the following normal seasonal changes in longevity: The longevity remains almost constant from late April to late September in 20-30 days, after which it continues to extend until the end of wintering, reaching 160-200 days. Just after overwintering, the longevity is shortened almost vertically from one sixth to one tenth. Such normal seasonal changes in longevity are shown when a pesticide-free food is administered to the bee-colony and when pesticide-containing sugar syrup is. However, abnormal seasonal changes in longevity, which does not extend even if winter approaches, are shown for the bee-colony ingesting neonicotinoid-containing pollen and for the colony infested with Varroa mites. Judging from the fact that pollen is the main food for the bee-brood, that mites parasitize larvae and pupae, and that the vital functions and organs of honeybees are created during the larval and pupal stages, it can be inferred that a neonicotinoid-containing pollen paste and parasitic mites cause serious damage to the bee ability to detect the arrival of winter. Such dysfunction in the larval and pupal stages probably interferes with extending the longevity of adult bees even as winter approaches.
先前提出的一个能够估算蜂群表观寿命的数学模型，阐明了寿命的以下正常季节性变化：从4月下旬到9月下旬，寿命在20至30天内几乎保持恒定，此后一直延长至越冬结束，达到160至200天。刚过完冬时，寿命几乎垂直缩短至原来的六分之一到十分之一。当给蜂群投喂无农药食物以及投喂含农药糖浆时，都会出现这种寿命的正常季节性变化。然而，对于摄入含新烟碱类花粉的蜂群以及感染瓦螨的蜂群，会出现寿命的异常季节性变化，即即便冬季临近寿命也不会延长。从花粉是蜜蜂幼虫的主要食物、螨虫寄生于幼虫和蛹以及蜜蜂的生命功能和器官在幼虫和蛹阶段形成这一事实判断，可以推断含新烟碱类的花粉糊和寄生螨虫会严重损害蜜蜂感知冬季来临的能力。幼虫和蛹阶段的这种功能障碍可能即使在冬季临近时也会干扰成年蜜蜂寿命的延长。
