Rathore Sanjay Singh, Hanumappa Shivananda Murthy, Suyani Nitin Kanji, Nasren Shamima, Abdullah-Al-Mamun Muhammad
Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Sukma, 494111, Chhattisgarh, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jul;32(31):18854-18875. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36808-3. Epub 2025 Aug 2.
The safety of aquatic systems has been threatened by the extensive and inappropriate application of trichlorfon pesticides. Thus, five groups of 60 tilapia each, in three replicates, were randomly selected from 300 fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticus (15.63 ± 0.05 g, SE). The first group was fed a basic diet and raised in clean water. The remaining fish were grouped into four groups, reared in water polluted with partially lethal trichlorfon concentration (0.38 mg/l), and fed with formulated diets consisting of trichlorfon (control diet), Se-Cys (selenium cysteine), nano-Se (Se nanoparticle), and Se-Met (Se-methionine) added at 1 mg/kg diet each for 90 days, followed by challenge with A. hydrophila. Enhanced growth, improved hematological profile (RBCs, WBCs, Hb, PCV) and minimum serum stress (ALT, AST, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol) with elevated immunological indices (NBT, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, albumin, globulin, total protein) were performed by nano-Se supplemented group. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme assays and oxidative stress gene expression (CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST) were effectively augmented by the same group in the sampled tissues. Nano-Se group was noticed by upregulated immune-related selenoproteins (Sepp1a, SelK, GPx2, and SelW) in gill and liver tissues. In contrast, immune stress genes (CASP3, HSP70, TNF-α, and IL-β) were upregulated in the trichlorfon group. Stress hormone biomarkers (cortisol, GH, TSH, T3, T4) and intestinal enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) were effectively achieved by the Se-incorporated groups. All Se sources exhibited minimum cumulative mortality compared to the control in response to A. hydrophila. Liver tissues exhibited the maximum Se bioaccumulation and Se concentration factor among all the sampled tissues. This is the first report that we are aware of examining the comparative effects of Se sources on trichlorfon stress in fish models. It could be concluded that supplementation with different forms of Se, mainly nano-Se, successfully ameliorated the toxic effects of trichlorfon in tilapia.
敌百虫农药的广泛和不当使用威胁到了水生系统的安全。因此，从300尾尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（15.63 ± 0.05克，标准误）中随机选取五组，每组60尾，共三个重复。第一组投喂基础饲料并饲养在清洁水中。其余的鱼分为四组，饲养在被半致死浓度敌百虫（0.38毫克/升）污染的水中，并分别投喂添加了1毫克/千克饲料的敌百虫（对照饲料）、硒代半胱氨酸（Se-Cys）、纳米硒（nano-Se）和硒代蛋氨酸（Se-Met）的配方饲料90天，随后用嗜水气单胞菌进行攻毒。纳米硒添加组实现了生长增强、血液学指标（红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容）改善、血清应激最小化（谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇）以及免疫指标升高（硝基蓝四氮唑、溶菌酶、髓过氧化物酶、白蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白）。此外，该组在采样组织中有效增强了抗氧化酶活性测定以及氧化应激基因表达（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶）。纳米硒组在鳃和肝脏组织中免疫相关硒蛋白（硒蛋白P1a、硒蛋白K、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶2和硒蛋白W）上调。相比之下，敌百虫组免疫应激基因（半胱天冬酶3、热休克蛋白70、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-β）上调。含硒组有效调节了应激激素生物标志物（皮质醇、生长激素、促甲状腺激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素）和肠道酶（蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶）。与对照相比，所有硒源在应对嗜水气单胞菌时累积死亡率最低。在所有采样组织中，肝脏组织的硒生物累积量和硒浓度因子最高。这是我们所知的第一份研究硒源对鱼类模型中敌百虫应激的比较影响的报告。可以得出结论，补充不同形式的硒，主要是纳米硒，成功减轻了敌百虫对罗非鱼的毒性作用。
