Abdel-Aziz Mohamed F A, Azab Mona S, Mohamed Ahmed R, El-Dakar Ashraf Y, Hamza Dalia S, Elshopakey Gehad E, Shehab Ahmed, Rahman Afaf N Abdel
Department of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquaculture and Marine Fisheries, Arish University, Arish, Egypt.
Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2025 May 22;51(3):100. doi: 10.1007/s10695-025-01496-w.
Prioritizing water management and maintaining its quality for as long as possible, while lowering related stressors, are crucial for sustainable aquaculture. To achieve this equilibrium, enriched aquafeed with natural immunostimulants is essential to success. In this trend, 6 weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ceratonia siliqua syrup (CSS) and Zingiber officinale powder (ZOP) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under a zero-water exchange. The immune-antioxidant, growth, physiological responses, and the antioxidant/inflammatory pathways-associated genes as well as ammonia tolerance were evaluated. Fish (weighing 25.85 ± 1.42 g) were randomly housed into six groups (n = 30 fish/group; ten fish/replicate; three replicates/group). The control group was fed a basal diet without any additives. The second (CSS1.25) group was fed a diet supplemented with 1.25% CSS. The third (ZOP0.5) and fourth (ZOP1) groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.5 and 1% ZOP. The fifth (CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5) and sixth (CSS1.25 + ZOP1) groups were fed diets supplemented with 1.25% CSS and 0.5 or 1% ZOP. All treatments were kept without water exchange for 6 weeks. Findings revealed the most notable improvement (P < 0.05) in growth rate (final body weight and specific growth rate) and survival rate in fish fed with dietary ZOP and CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5 diets. Hepato-renal markers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, urea, glucose, and cortisol) and lipid peroxides (malonaldehyde) were declined by CSS and/or ZOP diets. Immuno-antioxidants (immunoglobulin M, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione) were significantly boosted (P < 0.05) in the ZOP1 and CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5 groups. In addition, CSS and/or ZOP diets markedly (P < 0.05) upregulated antioxidant-linked genes (SOD and glutathione peroxidase) and downregulated the stress gene (heat shock protein 70) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). In addition, CSS and/or ZOP diets decreased fish mortality during ammonia stress. The ZOP1 diet was significantly reported of having the best outcomes (P < 0.05) throughout the measured indices. Overall, our findings demonstrate that dietary ZOP and CSS at the optimum doses can improve growth, immune response, and physiological functions of O. niloticus reared in stressful conditions (unchanged water) for the sustainable aquaculture industry.
优先进行水资源管理并尽可能长时间保持其质量，同时降低相关压力因素，对于可持续水产养殖至关重要。为实现这种平衡，富含天然免疫刺激剂的水产饲料对成功养殖至关重要。在这一趋势下，进行了为期6周的投喂试验，以评估长角豆糖浆（CSS）和姜粉（ZOP）对在零换水条件下养殖的尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的影响。评估了免疫抗氧化、生长、生理反应以及与抗氧化/炎症途径相关的基因以及氨耐受性。将体重为25.85±1.42克的鱼随机分为六组（每组n = 30条鱼；每个重复10条鱼；每组三个重复）。对照组投喂不含任何添加剂的基础饲料。第二组（CSS1.25）投喂添加1.25% CSS的饲料。第三组（ZOP0.5）和第四组（ZOP1）投喂添加0.5%和1% ZOP的饲料。第五组（CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5）和第六组（CSS1.25 + ZOP1）投喂添加1.25% CSS和0.5%或1% ZOP的饲料。所有处理均在不换水的情况下持续6周。研究结果显示，投喂ZOP以及CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5饲料的鱼在生长率（终末体重和特定生长率）和存活率方面有最显著的改善（P < 0.05）。CSS和/或ZOP饲料降低了肝肾功能指标（丙氨酸和天冬氨酸转氨酶、尿素、葡萄糖和皮质醇）以及脂质过氧化物（丙二醛）。ZOP1组和CSS1.25 + ZOP0.5组的免疫抗氧化物质（免疫球蛋白M、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和还原型谷胱甘肽）显著增强（P < 0.05）。此外，CSS和/或ZOP饲料显著（P < 0.05）上调了抗氧化相关基因（SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶），并下调了应激基因（热休克蛋白70）和促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α）。此外，CSS和/或ZOP饲料降低了氨应激期间鱼的死亡率。据报道，ZOP1饲料在所有测量指标中均具有最佳效果（P < 0.05）。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，最佳剂量的饲料ZOP和CSS可以改善在应激条件（不换水）下养殖的尼罗罗非鱼的生长、免疫反应和生理功能，有利于可持续水产养殖业。
