Andersson Axel G, Fletcher Tony, Xu Yiyi, Kärrman Anna, Pineda Daniela, Nilsson Carina A, Lindh Christian H, Jakobsson Kristina, Li Ying
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 453, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden.
Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
Environ Res. 2025 Aug 4;285(Pt 3):122487. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122487.
Many poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and have long half-lives in the human body. However, there are limited data on the different routes of elimination. Most pharmacokinetic models assume that the urinary route dominates.
Our aim was to investigate the relative importance of fecal and urinary elimination for linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (L-PFOS), branched PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and to estimate volumes of distributions (Vds).
Drinking water highly contaminated with PFAS from firefighting foam was distributed to many households in Ronneby, Sweden, from the 1980s to December 2013. In 2016, PFAS levels were measured in matched serum, feces and urine samples from 147 subjects. Daily urinary and fecal PFAS elimination was estimated through urinary creatinine elimination and dry fecal mass, respectively. Longitudinal serum PFAS elimination rates were used together with fecal and urinary elimination rates to estimate Vds.
In 2016, the median serum concentrations were 100 ng/mL for L-PFOS and 10 ng/mL for PFOA. L-PFOS was eliminated primarily through feces, with a median urinary elimination of 91 ng/day and median fecal elimination of 364 ng/day. The branched PFOS had, similarly, a primarily fecal elimination. In contrast, PFOA had a slightly higher urinary elimination, with median urinary elimination of 26 ng/day and fecal elimination of 15 ng/day. Median Vds were estimated at 93 mL/kg for PFOS and 74 mL/kg for PFOA.
Fecal elimination was shown to be an important route for PFOS and PFOA elimination. Pharmacokinetic models need to take fecal elimination into consideration.
许多多氟和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）具有持久性，在人体中的半衰期很长。然而，关于不同消除途径的数据有限。大多数药代动力学模型假定尿液途径占主导地位。
我们的目的是研究粪便和尿液消除对于线性全氟辛烷磺酸（L-PFOS）、支链PFOS和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的相对重要性，并估计分布容积（Vds）。
从20世纪80年代到2013年12月，受消防泡沫中PFAS高度污染的饮用水被分发给瑞典吕讷堡的许多家庭。2016年，测量了147名受试者匹配的血清、粪便和尿液样本中的PFAS水平。分别通过尿肌酐消除和干粪便质量来估计每日尿液和粪便中PFAS的消除量。纵向血清PFAS消除率与粪便和尿液消除率一起用于估计Vds。
2016年，L-PFOS的血清中位浓度为100 ng/mL，PFOA为10 ng/mL。L-PFOS主要通过粪便消除，尿液消除中位数为91 ng/天，粪便消除中位数为364 ng/天。同样，支链PFOS主要通过粪便消除。相比之下，PFOA的尿液消除略高，尿液消除中位数为26 ng/天，粪便消除为15 ng/天。PFOS的中位Vds估计为93 mL/kg，PFOA为74 mL/kg。
粪便消除是PFOS和PFOA消除的重要途径。药代动力学模型需要考虑粪便消除。
