Li Ying, Andersson Axel, Xu Yiyi, Pineda Daniela, Nilsson Carina A, Lindh Christian H, Jakobsson Kristina, Fletcher Tony
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2022 May;163:107198. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107198. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent substances with surfactant and repellent properties. Municipal drinking water contaminated with PFAS had been distributed for decades to one third of households in Ronneby, Sweden. The source was firefighting foam used in a nearby airfield since the mid-1980s. Clean water was provided from December 16, 2013.
The purpose was to estimate serum half-lives and their determinants in the study population for different PFAS.
Up to ten blood samples were collected between 2014 and 2018 from 114 participants (age 4-84 years at entry, 53% female). 19 PFAS were analysed. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the half-lives.
Eight PFAS were increased in Ronneby: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoropentane sulfonate (PFPeS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS), linear perfluorooctane sulfonate (L-PFOS) and three branched perfluorooctane sulfonates (1 m-PFOS, 3/4/5m-PFOS and 2/6m-PFOS). The mean estimated half-lives (in years) were 0.94 (95 %CI 0.86-1.02) for PFPeS, 2.47 (2.27-2.7) for PFOA, 2.67 (2.51-2.85) for 2/6m-PFOS, 2.73 (2.55-2.92) for L-PFOS, 3.43 (3.19-3.71) for 3/4/5m-PFOS, 4.52 (4.14-4.99) for PFHxS, 4.55 (4.14-5.06) for PFHpS, and 5.01 (4.56-5.55) for 1 m-PFOS. The most important determinants of a shorter half-life were young age, and better kidney function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate and ratio of paired urine and serum PFAS levels, followed by female sex during their fertile period aged 15-50. Markers of gut inflammation and reduced permeability i.e. zonulin and calprotectin were also possibly associated with shorter half-life. The results also suggested a time-dependent PFAS elimination process, with more rapid elimination in the first year after the end of exposure.
The half-life estimates are in line with past estimates for some PFAS such as PFOA, and the novel results for different PFOS isomers. These results provide observational support for elimination routes - renal, fecal and maternal.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是具有表面活性剂和拒斥特性的持久性物质。受PFAS污染的市政饮用水已在瑞典吕勒奥的三分之一家庭中供应了数十年。污染源是自20世纪80年代中期以来在附近机场使用的消防泡沫。2013年12月16日开始供应清洁水。
目的是估计研究人群中不同PFAS的血清半衰期及其决定因素。
2014年至2018年间，从114名参与者（入组时年龄4 - 84岁，53%为女性）身上采集了多达十份血样。分析了19种PFAS。使用线性混合模型估计半衰期。
吕勒奥有8种PFAS升高：全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟戊烷磺酸（PFPeS）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟庚烷磺酸（PFHpS）、直链全氟辛烷磺酸（L - PFOS）和三种支链全氟辛烷磺酸（1 - m - PFOS、3/4/5m - PFOS和2/6m - PFOS）。PFPeS的平均估计半衰期（以年为单位）为0.94（95%CI 0.86 - 1.02），PFOA为2.47（2.27 - 2.7），2/6m - PFOS为2.67（2.51 - 2.85），L - PFOS为2.73（2.55 - 2.92），3/4/5m - PFOS为3.43（3.19 - 3.71），PFHxS为4.52（4.14 - 4.99），PFHpS为4.55（4.14 - 5.06），1 - m - PFOS为5.01（4.56 - 5.55）。半衰期较短的最重要决定因素是年轻，以及通过估计肾小球滤过率和尿与血清PFAS水平比值衡量的较好肾功能，其次是15 - 50岁生育期的女性。肠道炎症和通透性降低的标志物即连蛋白和钙卫蛋白也可能与较短半衰期有关。结果还提示了一个随时间变化的PFAS消除过程，在接触结束后的第一年消除更快。
半衰期估计与过去对某些PFAS如PFOA的估计一致，以及不同PFOS异构体的新结果。这些结果为肾、粪便和母体消除途径提供了观察性支持。
