An Zihui, Yan Shuo, Wang Jiayi, Qiu Hanqing, Xie Binghua, Feng Shumei, Qiu Mengsheng, Tan Zhou
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, 200052, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2025 Sep;41(9):1656-1668. doi: 10.1007/s12264-025-01468-3. Epub 2025 Aug 3.
Myelin is an essential structure that facilitates rapid saltatory conduction in the nervous system. Discrepancies in myelin microstructure are a hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, rendering the assessment of myelin integrity and content an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics and neuroscience research. Extensive research has been dedicated to scrutinizing its biochemical makeup and morphology under normal, pathological, and experimental conditions over the years. In this review, we present an updated summary of the myelin sheath's structure, composition, and developmental trajectory. We systematically enumerate and contrast eight prevalent myelin staining techniques across dimensions of sensitivity, specificity, and resolution, delving into their underlying staining principles. With an initial application of myelin histology on the mouse demyelination model, our review accentuates the accurate delineation of myelination and the microstructural analysis of the myelin sheath. Such insights are anticipated to significantly contribute to the evaluation and understanding of white matter pathologies.
髓鞘是一种重要结构，它有助于神经系统中快速的跳跃式传导。髓鞘微观结构的差异是众多神经系统疾病的标志，这使得评估髓鞘完整性和含量成为临床诊断和神经科学研究中不可或缺的工具。多年来，广泛的研究致力于在正常、病理和实验条件下仔细研究其生化组成和形态。在本综述中，我们提供了髓鞘结构、组成和发育轨迹的最新总结。我们系统地列举并对比了八种普遍的髓鞘染色技术在敏感性、特异性和分辨率方面的差异，深入探讨其潜在的染色原理。通过将髓鞘组织学初步应用于小鼠脱髓鞘模型，我们的综述强调了对髓鞘形成的精确描绘和髓鞘微观结构分析。预计这些见解将对评估和理解白质病变做出重大贡献。
