Liu Chengxing, Feng Yuntao, Ping Fan, Huang Litang, Qian Jun, Zhou Li, Chen Fei, Liu Xuebo
Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University, School of Medicine, No. 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Aug 3;44(1):275. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-01032-9.
Magnesium, an essential dietary trace element, plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, and its deficiency has been associated with the development of hyperlipidemia. However, its potential to predict long-term outcomes and inform risk stratification in hyperlipidemic patients remains underexplored.
This retrospective cohort study introduces the magnesium depletion score (MgDS), a novel index for quantifying magnesium deficiency, and investigates its association with mortality outcomes in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Data from 12,592 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed. Advanced statistical methods, including weighted Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, were employed to assess the association between MgDS and mortality risks.
The results indicate that higher MgDS is significantly associated with increased risks of both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with hyperlipidemia, even after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analyses identified prediabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption as significant modifiers of this association. RCS analysis confirmed a linear relationship between MgDS and mortality, further supporting its value as a reliable predictor of long-term outcomes. ROC analysis demonstrated the potential of MgDS as an independent tool for predicting mortality at 1, 3, and 5 years. Notably, high MgDS levels in hyperlipidemic individuals with binge drinking habits were associated with significantly higher mortality risks.
These results establish MgDS as a promising biomarker for mortality risk stratification in patients with hyperlipidemia. This novel index offers important insights for clinical practice and could facilitate the development of tailored management strategies, particularly for high-risk hyperlipidemia populations, to mitigate long-term health risks.
镁是一种必需的膳食微量元素，在众多生理过程中发挥着关键作用，其缺乏与高脂血症的发生有关。然而，其预测高脂血症患者长期预后及为风险分层提供信息的潜力仍未得到充分探索。
这项回顾性队列研究引入了镁耗竭评分（MgDS），这是一种用于量化镁缺乏的新指标，并研究其与高脂血症患者死亡结局的关联。分析了1999年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中12592名参与者的数据。采用加权Cox比例风险模型、受限立方样条（RCS）分析、Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和受试者工作特征（ROC）分析等先进统计方法，评估MgDS与死亡风险之间的关联。
结果表明，即使在调整混杂因素后，较高的MgDS与高脂血症患者全因死亡和心血管死亡风险的增加显著相关。亚组分析确定糖尿病前期、吸烟和饮酒是这种关联的重要调节因素。RCS分析证实了MgDS与死亡率之间的线性关系，进一步支持了其作为长期预后可靠预测指标的价值。ROC分析表明MgDS作为预测1年、3年和5年死亡率的独立工具的潜力。值得注意的是，有暴饮习惯的高脂血症患者中高MgDS水平与显著更高的死亡风险相关。
这些结果确立了MgDS作为高脂血症患者死亡风险分层的一个有前景的生物标志物。这个新指标为临床实践提供了重要见解，并有助于制定个性化的管理策略，特别是针对高危高脂血症人群，以降低长期健康风险。
