Alfaiz Abdurahman, Shabbir Mohammad, Alotaibi Mohammad D, Almarshad Feras, Alammar Muath A, Ahsan Zeeshan
Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAU.
Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, SAU.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 2;17(7):e87193. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87193. eCollection 2025 Jul.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the complex interplay between chronic non-communicable diseases and the clinical trajectory of the disease. Among these, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have emerged as significant contributors to adverse COVID-19 outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This retrospective comparative study was conducted at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and assessed the impact of dyslipidemia and T2DM on COVID-19 severity and ICU admission.
A retrospective comparative study analyzed the data of 239 COVID-19 patients admitted to Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Riyadh between March and July 2020. The study assessed COVID-19 severity among patients with dyslipidemia and T2DM and the need for ICU admission. Data analysis employed odds ratios, Fisher's exact tests, and binary logistic regression using SPSS version 25 (IBM, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
The findings revealed a very strong association between dyslipidemia and T2DM coexistence (adjusted OR (aOR) = 120.82, P = 0.001). Dyslipidemia significantly increased the risk of tachypnea (aOR = 58.263, P = 0.003), shortness of breath (SoB) (aOR = 10.729 (1.251-92.016), P = 0.003), and the likelihood of ICU admission, independently, as well as in the presence of T2DM (aOR = 8.136, P = 0.026). The results showed a significant association with abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Fever is notably linked to dyslipidemia (P = 0.048). Among inflammatory markers, fibrinogen showed a very strong association with dyslipidemia in the presence of T2DM, in the context of the ICU setting (1,235 (10.021-152,261.746), P = 0.004). Similarly, chest X-ray (CXR) findings also showed significant association with dyslipidemia (P = 0.039).
This study highlights the substantial impact of dyslipidemia, independently, as well as in the presence of T2DM, on ICU admission among COVID-19 patients in Riyadh, KSA. The findings emphasize the need for tailored care, early intervention, and optimized management of comorbid conditions. Proactive risk assessment in individuals with T2DM and dyslipidemia can reduce the probability of severe illness and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.
全球新冠疫情引发了关于慢性非传染性疾病与该疾病临床病程之间复杂相互作用的问题。其中，血脂异常和2型糖尿病（T2DM）已成为导致新冠不良结局和入住重症监护病房（ICU）的重要因素。这项回顾性比较研究在沙特阿拉伯王国利雅得的穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹王子医院开展，评估了血脂异常和T2DM对新冠严重程度和入住ICU的影响。
一项回顾性比较研究分析了2020年3月至7月间入住利雅得穆罕默德·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹王子医院的239例新冠患者的数据。该研究评估了血脂异常和T2DM患者的新冠严重程度以及入住ICU的必要性。数据分析采用比值比、费舍尔精确检验以及使用SPSS 25版（美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥IBM公司的SPSS软件）进行二元逻辑回归分析。
研究结果显示血脂异常与T2DM共存之间存在非常强的关联（校正比值比（aOR）= 120.82，P = 0.001）。血脂异常显著增加了呼吸急促（aOR = 58.263，P = 0.003）、呼吸短促（SoB）（aOR = 10.729（1.251 - 92.016），P = 0.003）以及入住ICU的可能性，无论是单独存在还是与T2DM同时存在时均如此（aOR = 8.136，P = 0.026）。结果表明与异常高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆固醇存在显著关联（P < 0.05）。发热与血脂异常显著相关（P = 0.048）。在炎症标志物中，在ICU环境下，纤维蛋白原在T2DM存在的情况下与血脂异常显示出非常强的关联（1,235（10.．021 - 152,261.746），P = 0.004）。同样，胸部X线（CXR）检查结果也显示与血脂异常存在显著关联（P = 0.039）。
本研究强调了血脂异常单独以及与T2DM同时存在时，对沙特阿拉伯王国利雅得新冠患者入住ICU的重大影响。研究结果强调了针对合并症进行个性化护理、早期干预和优化管理的必要性。对T2DM和血脂异常患者进行积极的风险评估可以降低新冠患者发生重症和入住ICU的概率。
