Leon Chaithanya, Kaur Simran, Batabyal Tanaya, Tayade Prashant, Sagar Rajesh, Sharma Ratna
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Dept. of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2025 Jul 31:02537176251356127. doi: 10.1177/02537176251356127.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and their siblings often exhibit deficits in emotional information processing both in terms of emotion recognition and interference. An individual's preparedness to resolve cognitive and emotional conflict before encountering emotionally interfering stimuli or while making a response can reveal the neural basis of emotional processing, utilizing pre-stimulus electroencephalography (EEG) microstates and pre-response source localization. This study aimed to investigate emotional interference via emotional Stroop task (EST) in children with ADHD and their siblings and neurotypical controls.
In this cross-sectional observation study, 43 children with ADHD, 17 siblings of ADHD children, and 40 age-matched controls participated. EEG data was recorded using 128 channels during EST performance and analyzed for behavioral performance, pre-stimulus microstate parameters, and pre-response source localization of correct response trials.
Behavioral performance showed higher reaction time in ADHD children and their siblings than neurotypical controls. ADHD children had lower accuracy, while their siblings had higher accuracy than controls. Siblings also had higher accuracy compared to children with ADHD. Microstate analysis revealed Map 2 as a state marker and Map 3 as a trait marker. Meanwhile, increased allocation of cognitive resources was found to be a preserved trait among ADHD children and their siblings to resolve cognitive conflict during emotional interference tasks.
EST was found to be a potential cognitive endophenotypic marker.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童及其兄弟姐妹在情绪信息处理方面，无论是在情绪识别还是干扰方面，往往都存在缺陷。一个人在遇到情绪干扰刺激之前或做出反应时解决认知和情绪冲突的准备情况，可以通过刺激前脑电图（EEG）微状态和反应前源定位来揭示情绪处理的神经基础。本研究旨在通过情绪Stroop任务（EST）调查ADHD儿童及其兄弟姐妹以及神经典型对照组中的情绪干扰情况。
在这项横断面观察研究中，43名ADHD儿童、17名ADHD儿童的兄弟姐妹以及40名年龄匹配的对照组儿童参与其中。在EST执行过程中使用128个通道记录EEG数据，并对行为表现、刺激前微状态参数以及正确反应试验的反应前源定位进行分析。
行为表现显示，ADHD儿童及其兄弟姐妹的反应时间比神经典型对照组更长。ADHD儿童的准确性较低，而他们的兄弟姐妹的准确性高于对照组。与ADHD儿童相比，兄弟姐妹的准确性也更高。微状态分析显示，图谱2为状态标记，图谱3为特质标记。同时，发现在情绪干扰任务中，增加认知资源的分配是ADHD儿童及其兄弟姐妹解决认知冲突时保留的特质。
发现EST是一种潜在的认知内表型标记。
