Leon Chaithanya, Kaur Simran, Sagar Rajesh, Tayade Prashant, Sharma Ratna
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2024 Dec;102:104291. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104291. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
Sustained activation of default mode network has been implicated for momentary lapses of attention and higher errors during performance of cognitive tasks in attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) children. Despite emerging evidence indicating the genetic basis of ADHD, there is paucity of literature investigating the alteration of DMN in children with ADHD and their unaffected siblings.
To study the cortical sources of DMN in children with ADHD compared to their siblings and neurotypical controls.
Eighty-six participants (35 ADHD (12.4(±2.7) years), 16 unaffected siblings (11.8(±4.3) years) and 35 matched neurotypical controls (12.6 (±3.6) years) participated in the study. 128 channel EEG data was acquired during rest and Stroop cognitive task and analyzed for cortical source estimation using LORETA software.
Higher activation of DMN and DMN associated areas were observed during encoding of the color-word stimuli in children with ADHD. Sustained activation of core DMN areas namely medial frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule was observed across all groups. Among the three groups, distinct cortical source activation differences were identified solely in the DMN and its associated areas among children with ADHD during the task encoding phase compared to baseline. In contrast, both siblings and neurotypical controls displayed activation in fronto-parieto-temporal areas subserving executive function were also observed.
Sustained activity of DMN areas with minimal activity in executive network in ADHD children and unaffected siblings during encoding of stimulus implies potential endophenotypic marker in children with ADHD compared to neurotypical controls.
默认模式网络的持续激活与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童在执行认知任务时的瞬间注意力不集中和更高的错误率有关。尽管越来越多的证据表明ADHD存在遗传基础，但关于ADHD儿童及其未受影响的兄弟姐妹中默认模式网络（DMN）改变的文献却很少。
研究ADHD儿童与其兄弟姐妹及神经典型对照组相比，DMN的皮质来源。
86名参与者（35名ADHD儿童（12.4（±2.7）岁）、16名未受影响的兄弟姐妹（11.8（±4.3）岁）和35名匹配的神经典型对照组（12.6（±3.6）岁）参与了该研究。在静息和Stroop认知任务期间采集128通道脑电图数据，并使用LORETA软件进行皮质源估计分析。
在ADHD儿童对颜色词刺激进行编码时，观察到DMN及与DMN相关区域的激活增强。在所有组中均观察到核心DMN区域，即内侧前额叶 gyrus、后扣带回 gyrus、海马旁 gyrus和顶下小叶的持续激活。在三组中，与基线相比，仅在任务编码阶段，ADHD儿童的DMN及其相关区域存在明显的皮质源激活差异。相比之下，在执行功能的额顶颞区域也观察到了兄弟姐妹和神经典型对照组的激活。
ADHD儿童和未受影响的兄弟姐妹在刺激编码过程中，DMN区域持续活动，执行网络活动最少，这意味着与神经典型对照组相比，ADHD儿童可能存在潜在的内表型标记。
