Peng Yaqin, Xu Danping, Liao Wenkai, Qian Qianqian, Wu Junhao, Gan Tingjiang, Zhuo Zhihang
College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.
Engineering Research Center of Chuanxibei Rural Human Settlement Construction, Mianyang Teachers' College, Mianyang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 18;16:1603963. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1603963. eCollection 2025.
Essential oils from plants contain various volatile compounds with antifungal and antioxidant properties. The synthesis and accumulation of these volatile compounds are closely related to factors such as the plant's geographical origin and harvest period. Investigating the insect-repellent and antimicrobial effects of DC. essential oils (EOs) at different harvest stages can optimize its harvest and utilization while also promoting the development of eco-friendly agents.
This study analyzed the changes in the composition and content of volatile compounds in EOs at different growth stages in Nanchong City using GC-MS.
The results indicate that the accumulation period of volatile compounds occurs before the t5 stage (August 4). Linalool, D-Limonene, and Sabinene were the three most abundant volatile components in the essential oil of pericarp. Many monoterpenes, such as α-Pinene, Sabinene, and β-Myrcene, were found in higher concentrations during the early stages of fruit maturation. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a significant difference in volatile composition between the t3, t4, and t5 (t3: July 3, t4: July 18, t5: August 4) stages and the t1, t2, t6, (t1: May 26, t2: June 16, t6: September 9) and t7 (September 28) stages of . Volatile compounds were relatively higher in samples collected in July and August, making these months the optimal harvest period for processing and manufacturing related products. As the fruit of matures, the content of structurally more complex compounds, such as alcohols and esters, increases. The insect-repellent and antifungal experiments demonstrated that EOs exhibited a strong repellent effect against , although the EO's toxicity was not lethal. The antifungal effect was most pronounced in the EO collected during the t4 stage, where the relative content of various antifungal compounds was higher.
This suggests that the antifungal activity of the EOs may result from synergistic or antagonistic interactions among its compounds. By exploring the composition, content, and bioactivities (insect-repellent and antifungal) of EOs at different harvest periods, this study provides theoretical support for developing market-oriented commercial products.
植物精油含有多种具有抗真菌和抗氧化特性的挥发性化合物。这些挥发性化合物的合成和积累与植物的地理来源和收获期等因素密切相关。研究不同收获阶段的DC.精油（EOs）的驱虫和抗菌效果，可以优化其收获和利用，同时促进环保型药剂的开发。
本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）分析了南充市不同生长阶段的EOs中挥发性化合物的组成和含量变化。
结果表明，挥发性化合物的积累期出现在t5阶段（8月4日）之前。芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯和桧烯是果皮精油中含量最高的三种挥发性成分。在果实成熟早期，许多单萜类化合物，如α-蒎烯、桧烯和β-月桂烯，含量较高。主成分分析（PCA）显示，t3、t4和t5（t3：7月3日，t4：7月18日，t5：8月4日）阶段与t1、t2、t6（t1：5月26日，t2：6月16日，t6：9月9日）和t7（9月28日）阶段的挥发性成分存在显著差异。7月和8月采集的样品中挥发性化合物含量相对较高，因此这两个月是加工和制造相关产品的最佳收获期。随着果实成熟，结构更复杂的化合物，如醇类和酯类的含量增加。驱虫和抗真菌实验表明，EOs对表现出强烈的驱避作用，尽管EO的毒性并不致命。在t4阶段采集的EO中，抗真菌效果最为明显，各种抗真菌化合物的相对含量较高。
这表明EOs的抗真菌活性可能是其化合物之间协同或拮抗相互作用的结果。通过探索不同收获期EOs的组成、含量和生物活性（驱虫和抗真菌），本研究为开发面向市场的商业产品提供了理论支持。
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