Zhang Naixing, Zhou Wei, Xiao Aipin, Weng Shaofan, Zhang Liuzhuo, Zhu Dexiang, Wang Jinlin, Nian Ling, Lin Dafeng
Occupational Health Department, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
Public Health Department, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 18;13:1636004. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1636004. eCollection 2025.
Occupational stress has emerged as a significant factor impacting the physical and mental wellbeing of workers in China. This study investigated occupational stress among the potential high-risk workers in Shenzhen, China, and evaluated the psychological interventions subsequently implemented.
A stratified cluster sampling method was employed, randomly selecting one quarter of clusters (clustered by work unit) from each of the four strata (stratified by occupational category) including firefighters, bus drivers, video display terminal (VDT) operators, and port workers, respectively, as the study cohort. Occupational stress was assessed at baseline and after psychological interventions using the "Job Content Questionnaire." The interventions primarily included regular occupational mental health training and group psychological support sessions. Baseline occupational stress detection rates and high social support rates were analyzed, along with their post-intervention changes, to comprehensively evaluate the intervention effectiveness.
The cohort comprised 3,237 participants, with a median age of 31 years, 92.18% were male, and 96.14% were Han Chinese. The baseline occupational stress detection rate was 52.73%, and the high social support rate was 21.19%. Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant differences (all < 0.05) in occupational stress detection rates across different age groups, ethnicities, education levels, smoking habits, weekly working hours, and working years. Similarly, high social support rates varied significantly (all < 0.05) by age, education level, marital status, exercise habit, occupation category, weekly working hour, and working year. After 2 years of intervention, the occupational stress detection rate decreased significantly to 47.82% ( < 0.001), while the high social support rate (19.68%) showed no significant change. Subgroup analysis indicated significant reductions in occupational stress detection rates (all < 0.05) among individuals aged ≥ 27 years, males, Han Chinese, those with high school or vocational school or higher, married individuals, never or occasional drinkers, firefighters or bus drivers, those working 40-48 or >56 h per week, and those with >6 years of work.
Occupational stress is a prominent issue among firefighters, bus drivers, VDT operators, and port workers in Shenzhen, China. Mental health interventions could effectively reduce occupational stress, demonstrating significant value in improving the psychological wellbeing of high-risk populations.
职业压力已成为影响中国劳动者身心健康的一个重要因素。本研究调查了中国深圳潜在高危职业劳动者的职业压力情况，并对随后实施的心理干预措施进行了评估。
采用分层整群抽样方法，从消防员、公交车司机、视频显示终端（VDT）操作员和港口工人这四个职业类别分层的每一层中，分别随机抽取四分之一的群（按工作单位聚类）作为研究队列。使用“工作内容问卷”在基线和心理干预后评估职业压力。干预措施主要包括定期的职业心理健康培训和团体心理支持课程。分析基线职业压力检出率和高社会支持率及其干预后的变化，以全面评估干预效果。
该队列共有3237名参与者，中位年龄为31岁，男性占92.18%，汉族占96.14%。基线职业压力检出率为52.73%，高社会支持率为21.19%。比较分析显示，不同年龄组、种族、教育水平、吸烟习惯、每周工作时长和工作年限的职业压力检出率存在统计学显著差异（均<0.05）。同样，高社会支持率在年龄、教育水平、婚姻状况、运动习惯、职业类别、每周工作时长和工作年限方面也有显著差异（均<0.05）。经过2年的干预，职业压力检出率显著降至47.82%（<0.001），而高社会支持率（19.68%）无显著变化。亚组分析表明，年龄≥27岁者、男性、汉族、高中或中专及以上学历者、已婚者、从不饮酒或偶尔饮酒者、消防员或公交车司机、每周工作40 - 48小时或>56小时者以及工作年限>6年者的职业压力检出率显著降低（均<0.05）。
职业压力是中国深圳消防员、公交车司机、VDT操作员和港口工人中的一个突出问题。心理健康干预可以有效降低职业压力，在改善高危人群的心理健康方面具有重要价值。
