Ma Sen, Gao Yan, Zhao Liangyu, Sui Wenze, Yang Yuke, Hu Yining
School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 18;13:1625066. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1625066. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND: Quality of Life (QoL) is a crucial multi-dimensional structure in the development process of adolescents. As a key topic in adolescent research, existing achievements all indicate that participating in physical activities can improve the QoL of adolescents. However, the underlying mechanisms-the mediating role of anxiety and the underlying gender differences-remain insufficiently understood. PURPOSE: This study investigates the mechanisms by which adolescent physical activity influences QoL. Specifically, it examines the mediating role of anxiety and explores gender as a moderating factor. A multidimensional analysis of QoL outcomes is also conducted to provide a more nuanced understanding. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 9,504 adolescents across 17 cities in Shandong Province, China. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Build a moderated mediation model using the PROCESS macro of SPSS. RESULTS: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between teenagers' participation in sports and their QoL ( = 4.243, < 0.01). (2) Anxiety plays a key mediating role between teenagers' participation in sports and their QoL ( = 0.594, < 0.05). (3) Gender plays a significant positive moderating role between adolescent sports participation and QoL ( = 0.781, < 0.01). (4) Gender plays a significant positive moderating role between anxiety and QoL ( = 1.214, < 0.05). (5) Gender plays a significant positive moderating role in the relationships between anxiety and living environment ( = 0.536, < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Teenagers' participation in sports can directly or indirectly improve their QoL by reducing anxiety. Meanwhile, gender plays a moderating role in it. Furthermore, gender plays a significant moderating role in the relationships between anxiety and psychosocial function, anxiety and physical and mental health, anxiety and living environment, and exercise participation and physical and mental health. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting gender-specific strategies in physical intervention measures to improve the QoL of adolescents.
背景：生活质量（QoL）是青少年发育过程中的一个关键多维结构。作为青少年研究中的一个关键主题，现有成果均表明，参与体育活动可以提高青少年的生活质量。然而，其潜在机制——焦虑的中介作用以及潜在的性别差异——仍未得到充分理解。 目的：本研究调查青少年体育活动影响生活质量的机制。具体而言，研究考察焦虑的中介作用，并探讨性别作为调节因素的影响。同时对生活质量结果进行多维分析，以提供更细致入微的理解。 方法：我们分析了来自中国山东省17个城市的9504名青少年的横断面数据。使用SPSS 27.0对收集的数据进行统计分析。利用SPSS的PROCESS宏构建调节中介模型。 结果：（1）青少年参与体育活动与他们的生活质量之间存在显著正相关（β = 4.243，p < 0.01）。（2）焦虑在青少年参与体育活动与他们的生活质量之间起关键中介作用（β = 0.594，p < 0.05）。（3）性别在青少年体育活动参与和生活质量之间起显著的正向调节作用（β = 0.781，p < 0.01）。（4）性别在焦虑和生活质量之间起显著的正向调节作用（β = 1.214，p < 0.05）。（5）性别在焦虑与生活环境之间的关系中起显著的正向调节作用（β = 0.536，p < 0.01）。 结论：青少年参与体育活动可以通过减轻焦虑直接或间接地提高他们的生活质量。同时，性别在其中起调节作用。此外，性别在焦虑与心理社会功能、焦虑与身心健康、焦虑与生活环境以及运动参与与身心健康之间的关系中起显著的调节作用。这些发现强调了在体育干预措施中采用针对性别策略以提高青少年生活质量的重要性。
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