Pandey Bikram R
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
J R Soc N Z. 2024 Mar 25;55(6):1362-1383. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2024.2333555. eCollection 2025.
A work system is influenced by several other systems and their dynamics. The decisions and actions at different system levels are key to system dynamics and the interactions and interconnections between these systems. Decisions and actions at one system level can have varying degrees of impact and influence over the other. An apparent display of such impacts is the configuration of work systems and their outcomes. Occupational health and safety are one of the important system outcomes. The underpinning philosophy of occupational health and safety, since Robens Report (1972), has been that 'those creating risks to manage risks. However, the decisions and actions at other system levels have a significant impact on workplace health and safety risk configuration and management. To warrant positive outcomes, any decision and action impacting health and safety must be driven by fundamental principles. Any lack of guiding principles for such decisions and actions not only creates risk management dilemmas but may exacerbate the burden of harm and risk control, sometimes disproportionately, at the work system level. Therefore, this paper proposes fundamental principles that should underpin the decisions and actions influencing the design or configuration of a work system for improved work health and safety outcomes.
一个工作系统受到其他几个系统及其动态变化的影响。不同系统层面的决策和行动是系统动态变化以及这些系统之间相互作用和相互联系的关键。一个系统层面的决策和行动可能会对另一个系统产生不同程度的影响。这种影响的一个明显表现就是工作系统的配置及其结果。职业健康与安全是重要的系统结果之一。自《罗本斯报告》（1972年）以来，职业健康与安全的基本理念一直是“那些制造风险的人要管理风险”。然而，其他系统层面的决策和行动对工作场所的健康与安全风险配置及管理有着重大影响。为了确保取得积极成果，任何影响健康与安全的决策和行动都必须以基本原则为驱动。对于此类决策和行动而言，任何缺乏指导原则的情况不仅会造成风险管理困境，还可能会加剧伤害负担和风险控制负担，有时在工作系统层面这种加剧是不成比例的。因此，本文提出了一些基本原则，这些原则应作为影响工作系统设计或配置以改善工作健康与安全结果的决策和行动的基础。
