Nabavizadeh Omid, Herda Ashley A
Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66046, USA.
Muscles. 2023 Dec 15;2(4):400-412. doi: 10.3390/muscles2040031.
This study evaluated muscle composition, quality, and strength of non-weight bearing and weight bearing muscles between males and females. Twenty-eight, healthy males ( = 14; mean ± SD; age = 25.1 ± 4.2 years; height = 181.9 ± 10.6 cm; weight = 91.6 ± 17.2 kg) and females ( = 14; age = 25.0 ± 3.4 years; height = 165.9 ± 6.9 cm; weight = 66.0 ± 10.2 kg) underwent body composition assessment to estimate body fat (%BF) and total-body, arm, and leg fat-free mass (TFFM, ArmFFM, and LegFFM, respectively) and muscle composition via B-mode ultrasound to measure muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), echo intensity (EI), and thickness (mT) of four muscles [rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR)]. Additionally, upper- [handgrip strength (HG)] and lower-body [leg extension (LE)] maximal strength were measured, recorded, and expressed relative to FFM to determine muscle quality (MQ) for the dominant arm and leg, respectively. Males had greater TFFM, ArmFFM, and LegFFM ( < 0.001), mCSA for RF, VL, FCR, and FDS ( < 0.001), and mT for RF, VL ( < 0.001-0.006). Females had greater EI for RF, VL, and FDS ( = 0.003-0.01). Negative correlations were identified between EI and MQ for all muscles in males and females, however, no significance was determined. Despite the sex differences in absolute strength and size, muscle quality (relative strength) was not different for the upper nor lower body.
本研究评估了男性和女性非负重肌肉与负重肌肉的组成、质量和力量。28名健康男性（n = 14；均值±标准差；年龄 = 25.1±4.2岁；身高 = 181.9±10.6厘米；体重 = 91.6±17.2千克）和女性（n = 14；年龄 = 25.0±3.4岁；身高 = 165.9±6.9厘米；体重 = 66.0±10.2千克）接受了身体成分评估，以估计体脂（%BF）以及全身、手臂和腿部的去脂体重（分别为TFFM、ArmFFM和LegFFM），并通过B超测量四块肌肉[股直肌（RF）、股外侧肌（VL）、指浅屈肌（FDS）和桡侧腕屈肌（FCR）]的肌肉横截面积（mCSA）、回声强度（EI）和厚度（mT）来评估肌肉组成。此外，测量、记录了上肢[握力（HG）]和下肢[腿伸展（LE）]的最大力量，并相对于去脂体重表示，以分别确定优势手臂和腿部的肌肉质量（MQ）。男性的TFFM、ArmFFM和LegFFM更大（P < 0.001），RF、VL、FCR和FDS的mCSA更大（P < 0.001），RF、VL的mT更大（P < 0.001 - 0.006）。女性RF、VL和FDS的EI更大（P = 0.003 - 0.01）。在男性和女性中，所有肌肉的EI与MQ之间均存在负相关，但未确定其显著性。尽管在绝对力量和大小方面存在性别差异，但上肢和下肢的肌肉质量（相对力量）并无差异。
