Mata-Cervera Nilo, Sharma Deepak K, Shen Yijie, Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon, Porras Miguel A
Nanyang Technological University, Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore.
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Complex Systems Group, ETSIME, Ríos Rosas 21, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Jul 18;135(3):033805. doi: 10.1103/ndy2-wxwx.
We disclose the existence of a type of optical skyrmion, Gauss-Stokes (GS) skyrmions, that is naturally present in an optical vortex around its phase singularity. Contrary to previous research with optical skyrmions, we neither shape vector beams nor superpose different spatial modes and polarizations. In GS skyrmions, the phase singularity in the transversal field of a single monochromatic beam of uniform polarization (a scalar beam) is concealed by the axial field dictated by Gauss's divergence law, giving rise to a polarization singularity of undefined polarization plane. This singularity is enclosed by a rich skyrmionic polarization texture fulfilling a topological map and covering all the states of transverse-axial polarization. In our experiment, we facilitate the observation of a GS skyrmion with the predicted features using focused fields with an enhanced axial component.
我们揭示了一种光学斯格明子——高斯-斯托克斯（GS）斯格明子的存在，它自然存在于光学涡旋围绕其相位奇点的区域。与先前对光学斯格明子的研究不同，我们既不塑造矢量光束，也不叠加不同的空间模式和偏振。在GS斯格明子中，均匀偏振的单束单色光（标量光束）横向场中的相位奇点被高斯散度定律所规定的轴向场掩盖，从而产生了偏振平面不确定的偏振奇点。这个奇点被丰富的斯格明子偏振纹理所包围，该纹理满足拓扑映射并覆盖了横向-轴向偏振的所有状态。在我们的实验中，我们利用具有增强轴向分量的聚焦场促进了对具有预测特征的GS斯格明子的观测。
