Kreuzer Ines, Scossa Federico, Tohge Takayuki, Fernie Alisdair R, Hedrich Rainer
Molecular Plant Physiology & Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Max-Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
Plant J. 2025 Aug;123(3):e70391. doi: 10.1111/tpj.70391.
Carnivorous plants such as the Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula survive in nutrient-poor habitats by attracting and consuming animals. Upon deflection of the touch-sensitive trigger hairs, the trap closes instantly. Panicking prey repeatedly collides with trigger hairs, which activate the endocrine system: mechano- and chemosensors translate the information on the prey's nature, size, and activity into jasmonate-dependent lytic enzyme secretion. This digestive fluid gradually degrades its exoskeleton and internal tissues. The released substances are absorbed by glands covering the inner trap surface. To understand Dionaea's modification of metabolism upon prey consumption, we compared the metabolic profiles associated with secretion and insect feeding. In favor of digestive enzyme secretion, the abundance of most amino acids decreased after JA-stimulation without prey present. By contrast, insect feeding resulted in an increase in almost all amino acids within the trap. In agreement with the export of prey-derived nitrogen, the abundance of certain amino acids also increased in the petiole. In response to feeding with urea, chitin, nucleic acids, or phospholipids, the amino acid profile remained relatively unchanged. This might indicate that the alterations in the Venus flytrap's metabolism depend both on the type of substance and on its amount.
像捕蝇草（Dionaea muscipula）这样的食虫植物通过吸引和捕食动物在营养贫瘠的栖息地中生存。当触敏触发毛被触动时，捕虫夹会立即关闭。惊慌的猎物反复碰撞触发毛，从而激活内分泌系统：机械传感器和化学传感器将有关猎物的性质、大小和活动的信息转化为依赖茉莉酸的裂解酶分泌。这种消化液会逐渐降解猎物的外骨骼和内部组织。释放出的物质被覆盖在捕虫夹内部表面的腺体吸收。为了了解捕蝇草在捕食猎物后新陈代谢的变化，我们比较了与分泌和昆虫取食相关的代谢谱。在没有猎物的情况下，茉莉酸刺激后，大多数氨基酸的丰度下降，这有利于消化酶的分泌。相比之下，昆虫取食导致捕虫夹内几乎所有氨基酸的含量增加。与猎物来源的氮的输出一致，叶柄中某些氨基酸的丰度也增加了。在用尿素、几丁质、核酸或磷脂喂食后，氨基酸谱相对保持不变。这可能表明捕蝇草新陈代谢的变化既取决于物质的类型，也取决于其数量。
