Jiang Lin, Kordy Neda, Myhr Arnhild, Stangvaltaite-Mouhat Lina, Skudutyte-Rysstad Rasa, Bhatta Laxmi, Sen Abhijit
Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 4;15(1):28453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12282-2.
Studies on the association between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries among adults are limited. Moreover, individuals with a high BMI may be either physically active or inactive, but the impact of these combinations on dental caries remains unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between BMI, its combination with physical activity (PA), and dental caries in the adult population. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from Norwegian HUNT4 Oral Health Survey (2017-2019). BMI was categorized as < 25.0 (normal), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), or ≥ 30.0 kg/m (obese). The combination of BMI and PA was classified into 4 groups: (1) normal weight and active; (2) normal weight and inactive; (3) overweight-obese and active; and (4) overweight-obese and inactive. Main outcomes included the total number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed teeth (DT), while missing and sound teeth were secondary outcomes. Ratios of means (RM) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using negative binomial regression. Effect modification by age (< 65 vs. ≥ 65 years) was assessed via the likelihood ratio test. We included 4752 individuals with a mean age of 51.9 years (SD 15.9). Compared to individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m, those with BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m was associated with an increased mean number of DMFT (adjusted RM: 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), DT (1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32), and missing teeth (1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.22), but inversely with sound teeth (0.96, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). No combined effect of BMI and PA was observed. The association between BMI and dental caries was modified by age, with an association observed in individuals under 65 years (P < 0.001). We observed that a higher BMI was associated with a higher dental caries experience and missing teeth. However, there was no evidence of a combined effect between BMI and PA on dental caries.
关于成年人身体质量指数（BMI）与龋齿之间关联的研究有限。此外，BMI较高的个体可能身体活动活跃或不活跃，但这些组合对龋齿的影响仍未得到探索。在本研究中，我们旨在调查成年人中BMI及其与身体活动（PA）的组合与龋齿之间的关联。我们使用挪威HUNT4口腔健康调查（2017 - 2019年）的数据进行了横断面分析。BMI被分类为<25.0（正常）、25.0 - 29.9（超重）或≥30.0 kg/m²（肥胖）。BMI与PA的组合分为4组：（1）正常体重且活跃；（2）正常体重且不活跃；（3）超重 - 肥胖且活跃；（4）超重 - 肥胖且不活跃。主要结局包括龋失补牙总数（DMFT）和龋齿数（DT），而失牙和健全牙为次要结局。使用负二项回归计算均值比（RM）及其95%置信区间（CI）。通过似然比检验评估年龄（<65岁与≥65岁）的效应修正。我们纳入了4752名平均年龄为51.9岁（标准差15.9）的个体。与BMI<25 kg/m²的个体相比，BMI≥30.0 kg/m²的个体DMFT平均数量增加（调整后的RM：1.10，95% CI 1.07 - 1.13）、DT（1.19，95% CI 1.07 - 1.32）和失牙数（1.11，95% CI 1.00 - 1.22）增加，但与健全牙数呈负相关（0.96，95% CI 0.92 - 0.99）。未观察到BMI与PA的联合效应。BMI与龋齿之间的关联因年龄而异，在65岁以下个体中观察到关联（P < 0.001）。我们观察到较高的BMI与较高的龋齿经历和失牙数相关。然而，没有证据表明BMI与PA对龋齿有联合效应。
