Gao Mengfan, Wang Xinxin, Chen Renqiang, Gao Huiyan, Wang Xiaoling, Liu Hongquan
College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 21;16:1597198. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1597198. eCollection 2025.
Intercropping has the advantages of improving the canopy environment and enhancing the productivity of farmland. However, the responses of photosynthetic physiological characteristics, canopy structure and yield to different water and fertilizer measures need to be further clarified. The study took the maize/mung bean intercropping as the cultivation mode, used organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, combined with the upper and lower limits of field water holding capacity to control the irrigation amount, and set up a two-factor field experiment. The research results show that the leaf area index and chlorophyll relative content of maize and mung beans increase first and then decrease with the emergence time of maize and mung beans. Compared with the treatment without organic fertilizer, the leaf area index of maize and mung beans increased by 5.99% - 36.70% and 27.43% - 28.72% respectively, and the chlorophyll relative content increased by 2.31% - 3.47% and 4.59% - 4.63% respectively. Compared with I, leaf area index increased by 9.73% - 33.42% and 6.60% - 17.39% respectively, and chlorophyll relative content increased by 2.75% - 12.68% and 4.14% - 9.12% respectively. The gas exchange parameters and absorbance(Ab) of maize and mung beans showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the emergence time. The net photosynthetic rates of maize and mung beans increased by 5.04% - 47.12% and 11.29% - 26.60% respectively. Maize Pn was strongly positively correlated with chlorophyll relative content and Ab ( >0.5). The three-dimensional growth curves of Pn along with chlorophyll relative content and Ab were S-shaped. As the growth period progressed, the leaves would age, and the gradual decrease of chlorophyll relative content and Ab led to a gradual decrease in maize Pn. Within a certain range, with the increase of irrigation volume, the water use efficiency(WUE) of crops shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Organic fertilizer can significantly improve the WUE of maize/mung beans intercropping crops. In conclusion, optimizing the combination of organic fertilizers and irrigation practices is a win-win strategy that can enhance both grain output and quality.
间作具有改善冠层环境和提高农田生产力的优点。然而，光合生理特性、冠层结构和产量对不同水肥措施的响应仍需进一步明确。本研究以玉米/绿豆间作为种植模式，用有机肥替代化肥，并结合田间持水量的上限和下限来控制灌溉量，设置了一个双因素田间试验。研究结果表明，玉米和绿豆的叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量随着玉米和绿豆的出苗时间先增加后降低。与不施有机肥处理相比，玉米和绿豆的叶面积指数分别增加了5.99% - 36.70%和27.43% - 28.72%，叶绿素相对含量分别增加了2.31% - 3.47%和4.59% - 4.63%。与Ⅰ相比，叶面积指数分别增加了9.73% - 33.42%和6.60% - 17.39%，叶绿素相对含量分别增加了2.75% - 12.68%和4.14% - 9.12%。玉米和绿豆的气体交换参数和吸光度（Ab）随着出苗时间呈现先增加后降低的趋势。玉米和绿豆的净光合速率分别增加了5.04% - 47.12%和11.29% - 26.60%。玉米净光合速率与叶绿素相对含量和吸光度显著正相关（>0.5）。净光合速率随叶绿素相对含量和吸光度的三维生长曲线呈S形。随着生育期的推进，叶片会衰老，叶绿素相对含量和吸光度的逐渐降低导致玉米净光合速率逐渐下降。在一定范围内，随着灌溉量的增加，作物的水分利用效率（WUE）呈现先增加后降低的趋势。有机肥能显著提高玉米/绿豆间作作物的水分利用效率。总之，优化有机肥和灌溉措施的组合是一种双赢策略，既能提高粮食产量又能提升品质。
